ADHD兒童母親壓力因應研究─新移民與本國母親之比較

Stress Coping with ADHD Children’s Mother: New Immigrants and Taiwan Mother’s Comparison

黎佩貞(Pui-Ching Lai)

指導教授 ： 陳芬苓

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/社會工作學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本研究旨在了解ADHD兒童母親的壓力與因應，特別是新移民母親與本國母親之間的差異。本研究採用半結構的深度訪談法，以台北市、新北市以及新竹市已確診ADHD兒童的16位母親進行訪談，包括10位本國母親及6位新移民母親。本研究以Moos和Schaefer(1993)的壓力因應架構為主，分析母親對疾病的歸因與信念，母親的壓力來源，母親的社會支持和社會資本及其壓力因應方式。本研究的研究結果如下：

1.母親的壓力來源主要包括：孩子用藥的壓力、學校方面的壓力、ADHD孩子的管教、ADHD孩子與家庭關係造成的壓力等因素，新移民母親因為其
身分和特質而有更多的壓力源，母親因為新移民的身分更容易受到歧視，而教育程度低也影響到新移民母親在孩子的管教和課業的指導上有更多
的困難。

2.在社會支持方面，新移民母親的社會支持普遍不足，照顧孩子都是新移民母親自己負責，家人很少給予的支持或協助，而相對本國母親的社會
支持則較為多元。

3.本國母親認為目前的資源足夠，而新移民母親則認為目前的資源不足夠，希望得到加強子女學業的資源和運動課程的資源補助，而且新移民母
親在資源取得上會有的困難，特別是在不知道去那裡尋求協助的問題上，而且新移民母親的交通能力不足、使用電腦的能力不足等因素，也造成
了新移民取得資源的障礙。

4.新移民母親的原生國文化，使母親對於ADHD的認知和態度造成影響，使得新移民母親通常會認為自己的孩子並沒有生病，即使她們讓孩子接受
藥物治療，但在新移民母親的觀念裡，始終認為ADHD不是完全是病，而且新移民母親對孩子用藥也有較多抗拒的行為或想法。

5.母親的社會資本方面，本國母親的社會資本比較充足，對於ADHD孩子造成的問題，本國母親也有比較足夠的社會資本協助她們解決問題。而新
移民母親的社會資本卻明顯不足，所以面對ADHD的問題時，新移民母親較沒有足夠的人際關係協助她們解決問題，使得在壓力的因應也上而受
到影響。

6.母親對於壓力所採取的因應方式，主要分為四種包括：「認知面對」、「行為面對」、「認知逃避」和「行為逃避」等。由於ADHD孩子對母親
所造成的壓力是很多方面的，所以母親不會只使用一種因應壓力的方式。「行為逃避」和「認知面對」是母親都會使用的因應方式，另外，新移
民母親通常會使用「認知逃避」的方式面對壓力問題，而「行為面對」的因應則是本國母親通常會使用的因應方式。

關鍵字

注意力不足過動症 ； 壓力因應 ； 新移民

並列摘要

The study aims to understand the mother’s stress and coping, especially between new immigrant and Taiwanese. The study applied semi-structured interviews, and the sample data through the 16 mother’s interview from Taipei City, New Taipei City and Hsin chu City, including the ten Taiwanese mothers and six New immigrant mothers. This study used an integrated conceptual framework with Moos and Schaefer (1993) mainly to analysis mother and beliefs attributed to disease, the mother source of pressure, the mother's social support and the social capital and their coping strategies. The results of this study are as follows:

1.The source of maternal stress include medication pressure, the pressure on schools, child discipline pressure and the pressure of the child and family relationships. New immigrant mothers’ identity and character will have more pressure, because the identity of the new immigrants that they are more vulnerable to discrimination, besides, low levels of education also affect the new immigrants and the mother in the child's academic discipline have more guidance difficulties.

2.In the aspect of social support, new immigrants usually as a children caregiver and take it as their own responsibility, but generally insufficient to take care of children. However, Taiwanese mothers’ resources are diverse and their family supports or social supports are more than new immigrant.

3.Taiwan's mothers thought the current resources are sufficient, and the new immigrant mothers thought insufficient resources. The new immigrants hope to get the resources to strengthen child's academic and athletic programs resource subsidies. New immigrant mothers are difficult to obtain resources, especially without knowing where to go for help. Moreover, the new immigrants’ traffic capacity is insufficient, and their ability not enough to use computers also created barriers to new immigrants to obtain resources.

4.New immigrant mothers have their native country's culture so that affect their cognitive and attitude of ADHD. Even if they let the children take medication, The new immigrant mothers often feel that their children did not get sick. In the new immigrant mother's view, they always believed that ADHD is not a disease and resist to drug use.

5.In the aspect of social capital, Taiwanese has more resources than new immigrants, so Taiwanese also have relatively sufficient social capital to help them solve the problem. On the other hand, the new immigrant mother's social capital is obviously inadequate, so for the child's problems, compared with mothers do not have enough social capital to help them to solve problems, making the new immigrant mothers in stress response is also affected.

6.Mother used to pressure coping divided into four kinds, including the "Cognitive approach coping", "Behavioral approach coping ", "Cognitive avoidance coping" and "Behavioral avoidance coping." ADHD children cause by the pressure of the mother is in many ways, so the mother would not use only one coping with stress." Behavioral avoidance coping " and " Cognitive approach coping " is the mothers who will use coping strategies. Besides, a new immigrant mothers often use " Cognitive avoidance coping” to face the problem, and " Behavioral approach coping " is Taiwan's Mother often used it.

並列關鍵字

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ； Stress Coping ； New Immigrants

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