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  • 學位論文

臺灣西岸平原地區都市蔓延與景觀變遷之研究

The Study of the Urban Sprawl and Landscape Change of the Western Coastal Plain of Taiwan

指導教授 : 黃書禮
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摘要


全球人口與經濟快速發展之下,都市活動也不斷擴大,都市化的過程中逐漸形成失控且零散的郊區發展,此現象的結果通常被指稱為都市蔓延(urban sprawl)。都市蔓延發生在都市周邊地區,這些地區包含了重要的自然資源,提供都市居民生態系統服務功能,都市化造成土地使用與地表覆蓋快速變遷,使得自然環境與生態系統趨於敏感與脆弱。在台灣經濟高度發展與社會結構的轉變下,都市蔓延使得都市周邊地區的土地使用與地表覆蓋受到影響,形成蔓延的低密度零星開發行為,造成地景的破碎而形成屏障作用,影響原有的景觀生態,對於生物多樣性形成威脅,提供都市的生態系統服務也逐漸改變。近幾十年來國家重大產業政策與交通建設投資皆著重於西部平原地區,因此成為台灣都市化程度成長快速的區域,人口與開發行為不斷增加的情形之下,環境的壓力也與日俱增。本研究以台灣西岸平原地區為研究範圍,探討都市蔓延現象與景觀變遷,以1971年與2006年台灣地區國土利用調查現況圖為基礎,建立都市成長指標,考量土地使用與社會經濟因素,瞭解都市蔓延型態之發展與趨勢;運用地景指數(landscape metrics),分為面積、地景碎裂指標、優勢度指標與多樣性指標等,衡量地景要素的組成與空間結構,組成指的是嵌塊體的種類變異與豐富度,結構指的是嵌塊體的空間特性、配置與區位等。透過FRAGSTATS軟體計算,分析土地使用與景觀變遷情形;都市蔓延與景觀變遷皆應用地理資訊系統將分析結果特徵化,表現其空間型態。最後定義出緊密發展、一般發展與蔓延發展等三種不同的都市發展程度,分析結果發現蔓延發展地區的建成地與農地嵌塊體、整體地景有顯著的變遷,且呈現碎裂化的發展趨勢,嵌塊體總數、密度皆增加,平均嵌塊體面積與聚集度降低,而多樣性指數與均勻度指數也證明蔓延發展地區的地景類型是較為散佈的型態。景觀碎裂化的發展趨勢,可能導致自然資源提供的生態系統服務功能逐漸消失。

並列摘要


Global population and economic is growing rapidly, and the urban activities also expand, the process of urbanization evolves out of control and fragmented suburban development, the result is often referred to this phenomenon known as urban sprawl. Urban sprawl in peri-urban areas, where are often characterized by valuable natural environment and resource bases to provide essential ecosystem functions for urban residents. Urbanization caused the land use and land cover changed rapidly, making the natural environment and ecosystem become more sensitive and vulnerable. In recent decades, major national industrial policy and public facilities investment are focused in the western coastal plain, where urbanization has been extended and population is growing rapidly. Moreover, the environmental pressure is increasing in the same time. This research investigates the western coastal plain of Taiwan on the phenomenon of urban sprawl and landscape changes by interpreting land cover map of 1971 and 2006. Through establishing urban growth indicators, which take land use and socioeconomic factors into consideration, to understand the patterns and trends of urban sprawl. The landscape metrics were used to analyze landscape composition and configuration, which induce four groups: area, fragmentation index, dominance index, and diversity index. Urban growth indicators and landscape metrics were used for characterizing spatial patterns of urban sprawl and measuring landscape changes via the application of GIS and FRAGSTATS. The results reveal three urban growth types: compact growth, general growth, and sprawl growth. Results indicate that built-up and agricultural landscapes are significant changes because of sprawl growth. The number of patches and patch density of built-up and agricultural landscapes are increased, means patch size and contagion are reduced, and diversity index and evenness index also prove that the landscape pattern of sprawl growth is spreading and fragmented. Overall, the trend of landscape fragmentation may lead to ecosystem functions of natural resources are gradually disappearing.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


彭治平(2017)。都市蔓延趨勢與物件導向結合衛星影像分析之研究-以台北都會區為例〔博士論文,朝陽科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0078-2712201714441211

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