從兒童性侵害案件看兒童性同意權與證述能力—以高雄地方法院為例

Understanding Children Sexual Consent and Testimony: A Case Study of Kaohsiung District Court

陳昱如(YU-JU CHEN)

指導教授 ： 周愫嫻

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

民國99年引發白玫瑰運動的兩起兒童遭性侵害案件，案件中之被害兒童過於年幼，法官以「客觀上難以證明有違反其意願之方法」等理由，難以認定性侵加害人為強制性交罪，後以「與未滿14歲之男女為性交」定罪，導致社會大眾的批判，最高法院即以99年第7次刑庭決議來解決紛爭。本研究希望能從司法及心理領域之實務經驗，從事下列研究目的：1.根據兒童性心理發展歷程，提出兒童能行使自身性自主同意權之判斷依據；2.探討影響兒童證人證詞及專家鑑定對於性侵害案件定罪的影響因素；3.統整司法、醫學、心理學專業領域之建議，提供司法單位未來判斷兒童心智能力之參考。
從醫院及法院選出有處理兒童受性侵經驗之受訪者，深度訪談兩位法官、兩位臨床心理師及一位精神科醫師，探討兒童性侵害案件中，相關專業領域的觀念及實務運作之情形。
研究結果發現：
一、國家需限制兒童性自主權。
二、兒童性侵害案件，「違反意願之強制手段」為構成要件之一。
三、兒童性侵害案件難以證實違反意願。
四、兒童證言可信度難以判斷。
五、法院定罪仍多仰賴生物跡證，但生物跡證亦有其侷限性。
六、專家證人之鑑定報告，基本上不足以拘束法官心證，僅為法官參考的一項佐證資料。
在目前研究與實務困境無法解決下，年齡似乎是認定兒童強制性交罪較為客觀無爭議的基準線。根據研究發現，本文建議未來對於兒童性侵害案件，被害人未滿十二歲者，適用刑法第222條，已滿十二歲至未滿十四歲者，法院實施強制專家鑑定，以判定其性行為同意權。此外，法院應該致力提高兒童證詞偵訊技巧並建立專家鑑定制度。

關鍵字

兒童性侵害 ； 兒童性行為同意權 ； 兒童證人 ； 專家證人

並列摘要

Two cases of child sexual assault that triggered White rose movement on 2010, child victims were too young and it was hard to prove their sexual consent, the judges ruled that “no objective and subject evidence indicated the sexual conduct was against the child’s will” and convicted offenders based on Criminal Code 227, instead of 222. Due to the criticism from the public, the Supreme Court called for the 7th criminal divisions meeting in 2010 to solve the disputes.
This study gather the practical experiences of justice and psychology field, aim to:1.Based on children psychosexual development, conclude the basis of
children can exercise their sexual consent; 2.Probe into the influences factor of child testimony and expert identification to sexual assault conviction; 3.Integrate the advices from justice, medical and psychology experts, provide justice system to determine child sexual consent and testimony.
This paper interviewed 2 judges, 2 clinical psychologists and a psychiatrist and intended to understand how to determine children sexual consent and improve their witness credibility and reliability.

Results:
The paper found that most of interviewees agree that the State should restrict children sexual behavior, however, based on the current legislation, the courts need to prove victim’s content as a main criteria to convict the offense. In child sexual assault cases, one of the most difficult parts in the trials is to determine the child’s consent. Courts usually prioritize the forensic evidence first and ambiguous about the creditability and reliability of children’s testimony. Furthermore, expert reports are used as a reference without any legal binding.
This paper suggests a revision of legal sexual consent age. Children under 12 should be seen as no sexual consent liability, and age between 12-14 should be subject to psychiatric compulsory evaluation on their ability to consent their sexual conduct. Further, courts could improve their techniques of interviewing child victims and establish an expert evaluation system.

並列關鍵字

children sexual assault ； children sexual consent ； children witness ； expert witness

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