連帶債務人一人和解之效力研究 ─以民事財產法為核心─

The Effect of Settlement by a Joint and Several Debtor ─Focusing on Properey Law─

余席文(XI-WEN YU)

指導教授 ： 向明恩

國立臺北大學/法律學院/法律學系一般生組/碩士(2016年)

摘要

本文主要在於探討連帶債務人中的一人，其與債權人達成和解契約後之效果，究竟對於其他的連帶債務人會產生如何的影響。因此，勢必須對於連帶債務的本質，以及和解制度的本質，進行探究之後，才有辦法掌握此概念。本文研究的重點，主要可分為三大部分。

首先，第一部分係探究連帶債務之性質。因為連帶債務，在傳統的見解上，相當的複雜。因此，本文在此以私法自治原則中的自我責任原則作為立論的出發點，將「債務」與「責任」作不同層次的釐清後，進而採取連帶債務屬於「相互保證」的概念。並在此觀點之下，理解連帶債務與其他多數人間所衍生債務之區辨方法。此外，更以「相互保證」的概念，掌握連帶債務人間彼此之個人責任與保證責任之分際，而對於連帶債務人間之內部分擔額，賦予其不同的思考方案。最終，再執此觀點重新省視連帶債務人間所產生的行為效力。此即為第二章、第三章與第四章之論述。其次，第二部分則在研究和解契約之本質與其效力。因為和解契約的效力，無論是在學說，或者司法的判決，也都充滿著多樣性，以至於在無法充分理解和解契約的制度下，在連帶債務人中的一人與債權人和解時，才會出現「債務免除」的方式來解釋，完全未能兼顧連帶債務之制度本質，以及和解契約的制度精神。從而，本文在此先就和解契約之性質提出說明，並進而釐清和解契約之效力。此即為本文第五章第一節之範疇。最後，第三部分是本文最核心的研究領域。就連帶債務人中之一人與債權人達成和解之下，其和解契約之效力，是否也能夠及於其他連帶債務人。對此問題，本文按照連帶債務的本質，以及和解契約的本質，在法理上提出解釋，並且最終之研究結果係採取肯定的結論。因此，連帶債務人一人和解之效力，也可以對其他連帶債務人發生影響。此為本文第五章第二節之領域。

關鍵字

自我責任原則 ； 連帶債務 ； 相互保證 ； 和解 ； 絕對效力 ； 相對效力

並列摘要

This research mainly studies on how it will affect other debtors if one of the joint debtors has settled the agreement with his/her creditors. Therefore, the nature of joint debts and the nature of settlement system should be studied first in order to grasp this concept. Thus, the main point of this study can be divided into three parts.

Firstly, the nature of joint debts will be discussed at the first part. From the traditional point of view, the concept of joint debts is a very complicated. Therefore, at this part, we are going to start studying the principles of self-responsibilities, which are included in the principles of Private Law Self-Governance first, clarify different levels of “Debts” and “Responsibilities” and then regard joint debts as the concept of “Mutual Guarantees”. Based on this view, we can understand how to distinguish joint debts and the debts that derivates from other debtors. Also, using the concept of “Mutual Guarantees” to grasp mutual responsibilities and mutual guarantees among those debtors. For the sharing debts among debtors, several different suggestions have been proposed. Finally, with this point of view, the effectiveness among debtors can be reevaluated, which is going to be discussed on Chapter 2, Chapter 3 and Chapter 4. Secondly, the nature and effectiveness of the settlement agreement will be discussed at the second part. Due to the effectiveness of settlement agreements, many different kinds of solutions have been made whether in doctrine or judicial decisions and also due to the circumstance of not fully understanding the system of settlement, when one of the debtors settled the agreement with creditors, “Debt Exempt” would be used to explain the solution, which resulted in the nature of joint debt system and the spirit of the settlement agreement system cannot fully be taken into account. Thus, the second part of this research begins with explaining the nature of the settlement agreements and then followed by clarifying the effectiveness of the settlement agreements, which is discussed at the first section of Chapter 5. Finally, the core study of this research is discussed at the third part. If one of joint debtors has settled the agreement with creditors, then will the effectiveness of the settlement agreement effect other joint debtors? Regarding this question, this research proposed interpretations from the legal perspectives according to the nature of joint debts and settlement agreements. The final conclusion for this question is yes. Therefore, we can conclude that the effectiveness of the settlement agreement from one joint debtor would have influence on other joint debtors, which is discussed at second section of Chapter 5.

並列關鍵字

Principles of Self-Responsibilities ； Joint and Several Debtor ； Mutual Guarantees ； Settlement ； Absolute Effectiveness ； Relative Effectiveness

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