相對剝奪感對兒童肥胖問題之影響

The Effect of Relative Deprivation on Obesity

卓弘昕(Hung-Hsin Cho)

指導教授 ： 劉彩卿

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/財政學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

行政院主計處的資料顯示，臺灣近年所得分配呈現惡化趨勢，而根據九十四學年度全國國小各年級男女生體位評值表顯示，全國國小學生體位過重、肥胖的不合格率是增加的。本研究主要目的為探討臺灣是否因為所得分配惡化引起的相對剝奪感對兒童肥胖問題產生影響。
本研究應用Yitzhaki (1979)的相對剝奪感量化概念，探討相對剝奪感對兒童肥胖問題的影響，採用民國九十四年『國民健康訪問調查』(2005 National Health Interview Survey)橫斷面資料加以分析。為了建立各項消費肥胖食品之頻率的聯合機率模式，本研究將利用bivariate ordered probit模型來作迴歸估計。
迴歸分析結果顯示，相對剝奪感對兒童消費肥胖食品的影響，呈現負向顯著關係。即相對剝奪感愈高的家庭，兒童會減少肥胖食品的消費。此外，研究結果顯示在相對剝奪感可能會造成兒童體重過輕。配偶為非本國籍，兒童會增加肥胖食品的消費。
由於相對剝奪感反應家戶間的所得差異，相對剝奪感較高的家庭對於兒童的正餐可能有所困擾，為了促進國民的健康，或許可以透過政府規劃出由中央提供免費的營養午餐之政策，對於營養午餐的免費提供可制定補助之條件。外籍配偶屬於弱勢團體，相關單位應對其重視，避免其從事非法打工行為，而法令不足之處應與以修法。

關鍵字

相對剝奪感 ； 兒童肥胖

並列摘要

According to the data from Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C, the trend of income distribution in Taiwan has been deteriorating in recent years. And the report from Ministry of Education Dept. of Physical Education, which is student health survey in 2005, showed that overweight and obesity pupils were more than before. The objective of this paper was to explore whether there is an effect between relative deprivation, which is caused by deterioration of income distribution, and children obesity.
In order to quantify the relative deprivation, we applied the Yitzhaki(1979). And the data were selected from 2005 National Health Interview Survey, which is a cross-section data. Furthermore, we also used bivariate ordered probit model to estimate the joint probability.
The result showed that relative deprivation has a negative significant effect on children obesity. It means that children who in higher relative deprivation family tended to consume less high caloric foods. However, the result also showed that relative deprivation made children underweight. Besides, children tended to consume more high caloric foods when whose mother was a denizened spouse.
Due to relative deprivation represents the income gap between families, children who lived in higher relative deprivation might torment with lunch. For promoting health, the authority needs to plan a policy which is the school lunch provided free. In addition, the denizened spouses were minority, so government should pay attention to this issue.

並列關鍵字

relative deprivation ； children obesity

參考文獻

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