不動產的買賣過程之中,一般消費者收到建築開發商或代銷業者的預售屋廣告與行銷訊息,或是成屋買賣的交易訊息後,經過許多的協商、討論,最後決定購買房屋,交付定金、簽訂買賣契約、所有權移轉登記以及實際交屋,歷時數週、數月甚至數年,手續繁瑣,參與交易者可能有建築開發商、代銷業者、仲介業者、地政士、消費者,牽涉的法律關係相當複雜,整個不動產交易過程涉及許多與不動產交易有關的資訊。 不動產交易市場中,由於不動產的價額相當龐大,多數消費者一生可能僅有買賣過一至二次,交易經驗不足,且消費者可以蒐集的不動產交易相關資訊亦不充分;而不動產業者(建築開發商、代銷業者、仲介業者)掌握較多訊息,且專業知識與經驗相對豐富,並且掌握交易物件的實際狀況。倘若交易的一方,利用其資訊的優勢,隱瞞交易資訊(不揭露)或是不為誠實說明(不實陳述),此時可能發生資訊不對稱(asymmetric information)的現象。進而產生交易成本,並出現不動產買賣交易糾紛,造成交易效率的降低。 為降低建築開發商、代銷業者、仲介業者在資訊不對稱的交易市場中,以其資訊優勢隱匿知識、訊息以及行動,而出現機會主義,本文透過不動產交易實務、相關法規以及資訊揭露的探討,找出合於我國國情之不動產交易資訊揭露的方式,來平衡資訊不對稱之情形,減少機會主義的發生。
In the process of real estate transactions, the consumer would receive the information from building developers’ or brokers’ advertising and marketing messages. After many consultations, discussions, the consumer decided to buy houses finally. The consumer would pay a deposit, signed a sales contract and transfer the title registration. The period will be several weeks, months or even years. And it will involve building developers, broker industry, Lands disabilities. The legal relations are quite complex, and it concern a large number transactions information. In the Real Estate market, due to a amount of real estate prices, most consumers may have only one or two transactions experience over a lifetime, they lack the transaction experience, and information about real estate transactions they could gather were not sufficient; On the contrary, the real estate industry (building developer and broker industry) who could grasp more information, professional knowledge and the experience are relatively abundant. Besides, they know well the transaction object actual situation. If the party of a transaction uses its information advantage to conceal the transaction information (non-disclose) or disclose not honest (misrepresentation), information asymmetry phenomenon may occur. It will bring the transaction costs, occur property transactions disputes, and result in lower transaction efficiency. To reduce construction developers and brokers information asymmetry situation, this article analyzed the real estate transactions, information disclosure regulations, and attempted to find out the real estate transactions information disclosure approach, and balanced the information asymmetry situation.