近年來各行各業流行發行各式禮券、儲值卡、提貨券,這些支付工具或商品大抵上均屬於預付式交易型態,係由消費者預先將支付款項交付發行業者,而發行業者將給予一定憑證〈紙卡或晶片卡〉,允許消費者於之後提示該憑證作為消費之支付工具。 對於發行現況而言,國內發行預付型商品(服務)的行業多為百貨公司、大型賣場、便利商店、美容SPA、交通旅遊,甚至是殯葬業的生前契約及網路遊戲的儲值卡等。由於預付型商品對於消費者而言,具有不必攜帶現金之便利性,並且發行業者於發行預付型商品時,往往搭配有一定的優惠,使得預付型商品的發行在我們的日常生活中逐漸佔有越來越重要的角色,許多人的消費型態亦逐漸改變,使得關於預付型商品的問題在近年來也層出不窮,無預警關門等多件案例,使得消費者求償無門,導致預付型商品的爭議越來越大。 上述爭議,主要係因為預付型商品的發行者,利用預付型商品預先收受現金之特性,作為不法吸金的手法,以低價或其他方式發行預付型商品,於招攬客人後即發生營運不善而倒閉的現象,造成消費者所持有的預付型商品形同廢紙,損害消費者權益甚大;或是發行者利用其不對等之經濟地位,與消費者訂定不公平之定型化契約約款,使得消費者應有之權益受損。 因此,本文有鑑於預付型商品於民眾生活中之普遍性與重要性日增,但消費爭議卻層出不窮之現況,擬以消費者權益保護之角度,從我國法及外國法制之分析建議、消費者定型化契約約款限制、發行業者履約保證等多方面制度,探討我國法之現況,並加以建議,以其能作為將來有關預付型商品法制規範之立法參考。
In recently years, all trades and professions trafficked in pre-paid card or gift card popularly. Whether these means of payment or goods almost belong to a form of pre-paid trade, which mean that consumers pay the money to publishers in advance and publishers will give a card to consumers. Consumers will use the card to be payment. And the card maybe made up of paper or chip. In the present situation, the trades which trafficked in pre-paid card or gift card almost are the department stores, the hypermarkets, the supermarkets, the beauty salons, the tourist, the funeral parlors and the online game professions. Because of the pre-paid card have the convenience which consumers don’t carry much money with them. And the trades always provide for a preference when the trades sell the pre-paid card. So many people begin to use the pre-paid card. Because people change their habit of consumption, the issues of the pre-paid card turn into more critical. Disputes of preceding paragraphs are because of some trades which use the pre-paid card to gain money illegal. The illegal activity is composed of the following several kind of situations. In the first, the trades issue the prepaying type goods by low price or other ways, and go out of business intentionally after gathering the customers. The second, the trades use the unequal economic status to sign unequal contract with consumers. Consumer's rights and interests are violated because of the above two kind of situations. Because the prepaying type goods are more and more important and general in daily life, but the consumption dispute is taking place constantly. This text will be in terms of consumers to propose my national law by analyzing and comparing the system of the foreign law.