- 學位論文
國家圖書館舊藏張氏適園藏書研究
A study on Book-collection of Jun-Heng Chang's Shi-Yuan at National Central Library .
摘要
國家圖書館舊藏張氏適園藏書研究 張鈞衡(1872-1928)，字石銘，號適園主人，浙江省吳興縣南潯鎮人，為清末民初南潯三大藏書家之一。其家世代從商，且富書香氣息。張鈞衡之母親、其妻皆為書香門第，由此，書香薰染經商家世，則使張鈞衡及其子孫得以強大經濟後盾投入藏書事業，亦使張氏適園藏書得以在藏書史上留名。 30年代戰亂之際由鄭振鐸等人所組成的「文獻保存同志會」收購搶救古籍，當時由鄭氏與張乃熊多次接洽商討，而使得國家圖書館得藏完整的適園、芹圃藏書；因張鈞衡適園藏書以及張乃熊芹圃藏書中多有宋、元善本及諸多珍本，保存了珍貴的古籍，故張氏適園藏書(及其子張乃熊芹圃藏書)即為現今國家圖書館藏最大宗且最完整的善本藏書。 本論文希冀透過調查國家圖書館現藏之適園藏書以奠定日後研究張氏三祖孫藏書事業之基礎，因此，透過以下幾個方向探討張鈞衡適園藏書之遞藏源流及其傳承與散佚，並從中釐清並分別張鈞衡、張乃熊父子之藏書： (一)適園藏書之開創：此部分主要透過張鈞衡交遊圈中同好的交流，進而探討張鈞衡收羅各種藏書的方法以建購適園藏書之富。 (二)適園藏書之遞藏源流：此部份希冀透過分析《適園藏書志》中所載各藏書之遞藏源流以及其上所載各家遞藏印記， 藉以統計適園藏書之遞藏源流，以數據使適園藏書之遞藏有所依據。 (三)適園藏書之特色：此部分主要依據適園藏書之遞藏源流探求張鈞衡收書原則。 (四)國家圖書館所藏適園藏書調查：張乃熊為張鈞衡之子，而張乃熊之芹圃藏書即以張鈞衡之適園藏書為基礎所開創， 故今欲探討張鈞衡之適園藏書，則須先加以分別適園藏書與芹圃藏書，而區別適園藏書、芹圃藏書最好的方法則是以張鈞衡、張乃熊 所用藏書印鑑作為判斷依據。然而張鈞衡並未在其全部藏書上都鈐以藏書印記，其用印習慣為下：鈐於宋、元珍版，巾箱本、部分鈔本 及明刊本(鈐以「一字/可權」、「字曰/禹和」套印)，則以張鈞衡藏印以及《適園藏書志》所載書目未鈐有張鈞衡藏印但鈐有張乃熊 藏印者為適園藏書依據，則國家圖書館中所藏適園藏書共有五百零四部，約佔《適園藏書志》所載九百三十一部藏書之54.1%。 (五)張鈞衡對於藏書的整理：張鈞衡在藏書上的努力，不僅為其藏書編撰《適園藏書志》，更在藏書之中揀擇珍貴典籍編纂刊行三部叢書： 《適園叢書初集》、《適園叢書》、《擇是居叢書》，並在刊行的各叢書上撰寫跋語，則張鈞衡不僅保存了珍貴的典籍，也為各種罕見的 珍籍作序跋導讀。
並列摘要
ABSTRACT A study on Book-collection of Jun-Heng Chang's Shi-Yuan at National Central Library . by Lin JingHui January2011 ADVISOR(S): Dr. LU, CHIN-TANG DEPARTMENT: GRADUATE INSTITUTE OF Chinese Bibliography & Textual Criticism MAJOR： DEGREE: MASTER OF ARTS Jun-Heng Chang (1872-1928 ), cognomen as Shi Yuan(適園) Zhu Ren, also named as Shi Mng(石銘). He was born at NanXung(南潯) town Wu Xin(吳興) country Zhe Jian(浙江) province in latter stage of Manchu Dynasty and the early Republic of China, he is one of Three Tops ancient books collectors in the period. Since his parents and any generation in history, they were all doing business activities and also been scholarly family. Both of Jun-Heng Chang's mother and his wife were all from scholarly families. Thus, based on Business and Scholarly family background, it caused Jun-Heng Chang and his descendants get a very strong economic backing up to invest in ancient books colleton job. This it also make Chang shi Shi Yuan ancient books collection leave behind a good reputation in Ancient books collected history. Zhen-Dung Zheng(鄭振鐸) and others organized “The Documents Preservation Federation” (「文獻保存同志會」)to purchased and salvaged the ancient books in 30’s an era its chaos caused by war. Formerly, Chang and Nai-Xiong Chang had been consulted and conferred with each others for many times; hence, the National library it could stored the proper ancient books of Shi Yuan and Qin Pu(芹圃). Due to many reliable edition manuscripts of Sung and Yuan Dynasty and a good deal of rare editions from Jun-Heng Chang and Nai-Xiong Chang’s ancient books collection of Shi Yuan and Qin Pu. Therefore, Chang shi Shi Yuan and his son Nai-Xiong Chang’s Qin Pu are the most large amount and intact of ancient manuscripts collection at National Central Library nowadays. According to Shi Yuan ancient books collection research at National Central Library nowadays, this thesis aspired after inquire into Chang family’s undertaking of ancient books collection it can be a foundation stone of the research. For this reason, to probe into Jun-Heng Chang’s Shi Yuan Cang Shu through the several aspects listed below, it can confer to the origin and development history of the collections and in the process of the research to distinguish and differentiate the collections of father and son. 1. The initiation of Shi Yuan ancient books collection: In this part, according to the interflow between Jun-Heng Chang and his companies to probe into the methods how he gather and collect omnigenous collections to established the richness of Shi Yuan ancient book collections. 2. The origin and development history of the Shi Yuan ancient book collections: In this part, through the analyzing of “Shi Yuan Cang Shu Zhi” it record all the origin and development histories of each collection and each signet from different owners. For the purpose to compile statistics of the origin and development history of Shi Yuan Cang Shu, with the numbers of statistic it could make the collections that in accordance with all the store histories. 3. The distinguishing of Shi Yuan Cang Shu: This part is based on the Shi Yuan Cang Shu to seek the principles of collection for Jun-Heng Chang. T 4. The investigation of .Shi Yuan Cang Shu which stored at National Central Library: Nai-Xiong Chang is son of Jun-Heng Chang; and the Qin Pu Cang Shu wrote by Nai-Xiong Chang which initiated based on his father Jun-Heng Chang’s Shi Yuan Cang Shu. Therefore, if we want to confer the Shi Yuan Cang Shu of Jun-Heng Chang, first able it have to discriminate book-collection of the Shi Yuan and book-collection of Qin Pu. The best way to distinguish those two different books is based on the signets difference from Jun-Heng Chang and Nai-Xiong Chang used. However, Jun-Heng Chang didn’t signet his own seal on all its collections but we still can recognized by how he used by signet such like: signet in Sung and Yuan’s rare editions, pocket books at that time (called Jing Xian ben), part of manuscript collections and the set up and print in Ming Dynasty editions. Jun-Heng Chang his seal cut with “yi zi / ke quan”(「一字/可權」) and “zi yue / yu he” (「字曰/禹和」)and to chromatograph these two to be his signet. Thus, to differentiate the different between these two people should based on signets used. If a bibliography didn’t signet Jun-Heng Chang’s seal on “Shi Yuan cong shu chu ji”(《適園藏書志》) but with signet for Nai-Xiong Chang we all take Jun-Heng Chang’s Shi Yuan Cang Shu collections. There are 504 of Shi Yuan Cang Shu collections at the National Central Library, account for 54.1% to 931 collection books of "Shi Yuan Cang Shu ji". 5. The arrangement for Jun-Heng Chang’s collections: the efforts of Jun-Heng Chang to his ancients book collection activities are not only composed and compiled on “Shi Yuan Cang Shu ji". He selected scarce ancient books to compile and publish a triad series: “Shi Yuan cong shu chu ji” (《適園叢書初集》), “Shi Yuan cong shu” (《適園叢書》)and “Ze Shi Ji cong shu”(擇是居叢書) and also, issued his footnotes and reviews in each writings. Therefore, he is not only conserved the scarce ancient books, also write preface and postscript for various scarce books.