全局的組織構造之演化分析

A holistic point of evolution approach of organizational architecture

柯文娟(Wen-Chuan Ke)

指導教授 ： 林鍾沂

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/博士(2012年)

摘要

國際行政學會（International Association of Schools and Institutes of Administration, IASIA）主席Valeria Termini於2011年的50週年年會現場，曾表明：關於公共行政的未來發展，係以「創新」（innovation）為主要發展方向與重點，此亦為與會學者們的共識。是故，組織的創新亦為公共行政未來重要的發展方向之一。
本文以兩大軸線進行：其一，即組織構造，包含「策略、執行、結構、文化」之四大面向；其二，即組織演化過程，包括「變異、選擇、保留、競逐」之演化過程。探討組織構造上，動態的組織演化過程，即為本文的研究架構。本研究借生物學上的演化理論，對組織構造內涵從事系統性、且具全局思維之分析，即以組織的創新為本之研究。
本文係以組織構造之動態的組織演化過程系络鋪陳其重要內容，並適時地就社會局（含台北市政府社會局、新北市政府社會局、高雄市政府社會局，以下同）案例加以說明，藉以讓吾人能於組織演化的系络中，了解到組織如何去因應社會環境的變化，有哪些組織部門及組織行為在當初可能改變，又後來選擇了哪些改變，保留了哪些原有的部分，並與其他機關團體相互競逐，爭取社會資源與正當性。本文採用文獻研究法與質化資料分析，並蒐集社會局之組織結構與功能變遷資訊。
本文研究發現，社會環境變化很大，相對地，組織演化過程亦需就環境的快速改變加以調整，開放式組織在面對環境的變化上較能接受衝擊與挑戰。社會局一方面需具有制度正當性，因其某種程度屬於封閉式系統（close system），為政府科層式組織的一環；一方面又屬於開放式系統（open system），與之具有合作關係的公設民營單位即為具有網絡特徵的開放式系統。可說，社會局為典型的半封閉半開放之系統，其服務系統的本質即屬新公共治理當中，開放封閉的（open closed）系統建構。本研究認為，組織在面臨環境的衝擊與變化之時，需快速適應及調整，表現出良好的組織演化過程，方不致引發適應不良之情況。組織本身須能即時加以變異、做適當的選擇與保留、並強有力地與其他機構團體競逐社會資源與正當性，以適應環境的需要。

關鍵字

組織演化 ； 組織構造 ； 變異 ； 選擇 ； 保留 ； 競逐

並列摘要

Valeria Termini, President of the International Association of Schools and Institutes of Administration (IASIA) in 2011 the 50th anniversary of the scene, has stated that: Public Administration of the future, the main development direction and focus to the "innovation", which is also the consensus of the scholars. Therefore, one of an important development direction in public administration of the future is organizational innovation.
The holistic evolution of organizational architecture has two axis: First, the organizational architecture, including structure, implementation, strategy, and culture; Second, the evolution process, including variation, selection, retention, and struggle. The framework of this study is the organizational architecture of dynamic evolutionary process. In this study, engaged in the systematic organization architecture, and holistic-thinking analysis by the theory of biological evolution.
This article takes the important content by organizational architecture of dynamic evolutionary process of context, and illustrates the evolutionary process by example for the Bureau of Social Welfare (including the main------Bureau of Social Welfare of Taipei City, and the Bureau of Social Welfare of New Taipei City, the Bureau of Social Welfare of Kaohsiung City). This research using documentary research and analysis of qualitative data, and collect the Bureau of Social Welfare of the organizational architecture and function change information. By study how these organization has responded to changes in social environment, such as changes in current routines and competencies and organizational forms, and has to choose what to change, and whether to retain the original part of organization, and struggle over capital and legitimacy.
Findings of this research are that due to new social environment which change dramatically in organizational evolutions of the Bureau of Social Welfare is quickly and adapt to new environment. On the one hand, the Bureau of Social Welfare need to have institutional legitimacy, which some extent belongs to a closed system, is one of the organizations of the bureaucracy; on the one hand, the partnership with both government and non-government institutes is the network characteristics, is an open system. It can be said that the Bureau of Social Welfare of the typical semi-closed semi-open system, the nature of the service system is new public governance, open and closed system construction.
This research suggests that the bureau receptive to the impact of internal and external environment, showing good organizational evolution process. Organization need to adapt and adjust quickly, and to variations in real time, make the appropriate choice of the appropriate retention and struggle with other agencies over social resources and legitimacy necessary for survival.

並列關鍵字

organizational evolution ； organizational architecture ； variation ； selection ； retention ； struggle

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