公立小學執行綠色採購政策之研究-以新北市為例

Public Elementary School’s Implementation of Green Procurement Policy– Taken New Taipei City as an Example

吳淨怡(Wu,Ching-Yi)

指導教授 ： 呂育誠

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

「政府綠色採購」其立意即是透過政府龐大的採購力量，優先採購對環境衝擊較少的綠色產品，由政府率先帶動綠色消費模式，除鼓勵廠商生產可回收、低污染、省資源的綠色商品外，也間接透過此示範方式達成教育消費者響應綠色消費目的，藉由政府建立綠色採購制度且確實推動，以對環境產生正面效益。國民小學教育是學童學習基本知識與生活技能的基礎教育階段，透過環境教育才能有效建立綠色消費知識與行為，讓國家未來的主人翁從小學習對環境友善的消費方式，才能從根本上解決環境問題，達到永續發展的目標，透過國民小學融入綠色採購政策理念發展獨特性環境教育活動以達到教育目的，因此，國民小學推動綠色採購比其他公務機關更具特殊性；由於本國綠色採購政策係採由上而下政策執行途徑，面對新北市幅員廣大，各學校分布於不同地區，在推動綠色採購上是否會礙於地理位置因素而影響學校執行成效。
本論文以新北市公立國民小學為例，藉由政策執行相關理論探討影響綠色採購政策執行影響因素模式，採文獻分析法、深度訪談法及問卷調查法進行研究，兼以理論與實務之印證分析，本論文研究發現如下：
一、政策執行觀點下政府綠色採購政策之意義：(一)執行機關缺乏政策反映管道，無法回饋政策執行困難點(二)為達成綠色採購比例造成過度採購或未落實申報作業之政策目標偏差(三)新北市偏遠地區學校在執行綠色採購顯有困難。
二、綠色採購政策執行要素：(一)綠色採購政策本身：綠色採購在達到綠色消費目標具指標性意義等2項(二)綠色採購政策資源：綠色採購觀念尚未全面落實，無法創造綠色消費市場等5項(三)綠色採購推動流程：綠色採購系統訊息不夠充分且未能相互整合。
三、公立國民小學綠色採購執行特性：(一)學校地位：綠色採購政策與學校落實環保教育理念具有關連性等2項(二)新北市公立國民小學校長普遍支持與認同影響綠色採購推動(三)國民小學環保產品採購以小額採購居多，項目亦較單純。
四、影響綠色採購執行人員因素：(一)為推動綠色採購學校採購人員工作負荷重，懲處規定打擊配合意願(二)學校採購人員綠色採購專業素養能力不足(三)現行綠色採購系統未能提供便捷的採購流程
本論文就上述研究發現，分別就綠色採購政策規劃適切性、政策執行面及機關執行面等各面向，對公立國民小學執行綠色採購的基本條件與範圍重新定位，提出執行綠色採購時之人力與資源的重分配考量並訂定新北市公立國民小學執行綠色採購的流程與配套之建議。

關鍵字

綠色採購 ； 政策執行 ； 採購人員

並列摘要

“Government Green Procurement”" conception was through the Government's huge purchasing power to give priority to buy green products that have less impact on the environment. Driven by the Government to take the lead in green consumption patterns, in addition to encourage manufacturers to produce recyclable, low pollution, saving resources green products but also indirectly educate consumers. Through establishing a green procurement system and actually promotion, the government hopes to create positive benefits to the environment. Elementary school education is the stage for student to learn the basic knowledge and life skills. In order to effectively establish a green consumer knowledge and behavior, only through environmental education, the future masters of the country can learn from childhood the environment-friendly consumption patterns so as to fundamentally solve environmental problems and achieve the objectives of sustainable development. Through allowing the elementary school merged into a green procurement policy concept, we can development a unique nature of environmental education activities in order to achieve the aims of education. Therefore, it is more particular for the elementary school to promote green purchasing than any other public offices. Due to the national’s green procurement policy adopts top-down policy for implementation, and the fact New Taipei City has greater area and vast schools located in different regions, we wonder whether geographical factors will affect school’s effectiveness in the promotion of green procurement.
In this thesis, we take New Taipei City public elementary schools as an example to explore the impact of green procurement policy implementation from implementation of related policy theory. We adopt literature analysis, in-depth interviews and conducted questionnaire survey for analysis. We combined both theory and practice to confirm the analysis and the thesis’s findings are as follows:
I.The meaning of the green procurement policy from a policy implementation point of view: (2) executive organizations lack of policy reflection pipeline and has no way for feeding back difficulties in policy implementation (2) In order to achieve the proportion of green procurement caused excessive procurement or not implementing of the reporting operation’s policy target deviation (3) Schools of remote areas in New Taipei City obviously have difficulties in the implementation of green procurement.
II.The implementation elements of green procurement policy: (1) The green procurement policy itself: green procurement is to achieve green consumption targets indicative meaning etc. 2 items (2) The resources of a green procurement policy: the concept of green procurement is not yet fully implement therefore cannot create a green consumer market etc. 5 items (3) Green procurement promotion process: green procurement system data are not sufficient and failed to integrate.
III.Public elementary school’s green procurement execution characteristics: (1) school status: green procurement policy and how schools implement environmental education concept has connection etc. 2 items. (2) Generally principals of New Taipei City public elementary schools support and agree with green procurement’s promotion. (3) Elementary school environmental product procurement is mostly of small purchases and the items are simpler.
IV.The factors of impacting green procurement execution: (1) In order to promote the green procurement, the school procurement staff’s workload is heavy and punishment provisions impact cooperation desires. (2) The school procurement staff lacks of green procurement professionalism (3) The current green procurement system does not provide convenient purchasing process
From the above study findings, the thesis re-positioned public elementary school’s implementation of green procurement conditions and scopes from appropriateness of green procurement policy planning, policy implementation and authority’s execution, and proposed the implementation of green procurement’s human and resources re-allocation considerations and set the processes and supporting recommendation for New Taipei City Public Elementary School’s implementation of green procurement.

並列關鍵字

green procurement ； policy implementation ； procurement staff

參考文獻

黃永東，2007，〈綠色採購之PDSA循環的探討〉，《品質月刊》，43(11):24-28。

July27, 2012.

中文部分：

于寧，1996，〈環保標章與綠色採購〉，《環保標章簡訊》，4：2-3。

于寧、賴明伸，2000，〈全球各國政府綠色採購運動之發展現況與展望〉，《環保標章簡訊》，21:2-17。