報紙與警察形象之塑造：以聯合報、自由時報、蘋果日報為例

The making of police image in newspapers : a case study of the United Daily News, Liberty Times, and Apple Daily

陳季汝(CHI-JU CHEN)

指導教授 ： 周愫嫻

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本研究旨在分析聯合報、自由時報、蘋果日報報導與警察形象有關之新聞，並以內容分析法比較各報在處理與警察形象有關之報導量、版面、型式、主題及對象等方面之差異，並就其新聞內容（標題、本文、照片、圖示）之立場與手法，分析所塑造之警察形象。
本研究樣本採自聯合報、自由時報與蘋果日報之數位新聞資料庫與電子報新聞，以關鍵字搜尋與警察相關之硬性新聞，研究範圍係採隨機抽樣方式，就2007年抽出1月、5月、6月及9月，全面檢視三報之警察報導型式、標題、對象、主題及立場等類目，並分別給予操作型定義、編碼、分類、重組、統計檢定等分析。
主要研究發現包含（一）與警察形象有關之新聞報導，文字持衡，但圖示偏負面。（二）自由時報對警察新聞正面報導多於聯合報與蘋果日報。（三）警察新聞主題面向中，風紀面的負面報導較多，政策、成效、管理及素質面，則平衡或傾向正面報導。（四）警察新聞報導以平衡報導最多，負面報導最少，三大報總體差異不明顯。（五）蘋果日報傾向多角度報導警察新聞，聯合報以事實描述多，自由時報記者立場較明顯。本文並在最後以新聞學、犯罪衝突論等觀點，提出這些發現可能的解釋。

關鍵字

警察形象 ； 媒體形象塑造 ； 報紙

並列摘要

This study uses content analysis to examine how different newspapers help construct the police-image; it compares quantity of reports, layout of pages, forms of reports, themes of news, and targets of description. The analysis focusses on headlines, the text, the pictures, and the graphic design of news content in order to discuss how newspapers construct police image.
Using E-versions of United Daily News, Liberty Times, and Apple Daily as the research samples, the study then made use of keyword-searching about police. Newspapers from January, May, June, and September of 2007 were randomly selected. Wthin this range, the study surveyed the categories of form, headlines, targets, themes and so on and analysed results in terms of operational definition, codification, classification, recombination, and statistical test..
The results suggest: first, that the description and wording of the sampled news reports about police is fair and balanced, but the illustrations/pictures are relatively negative. Second, Liberty Times provides more positive news reports than either United Daily News, or Apple Daily. Third, according to the thematic analysis of the news about police, the negative reports are much more often related to the news about police discipline issues; on the other hand, the news about staff executive quality, quantitative performance of policy execution and efficiency, and management of police will relatively gain much more fair and balanced or positive reports. Fourth, in the news about police, most are balanced reports; on the other hand, the negative reports are few in number. Moreover, this quantitative difference is not obvious in these three major newspapers. Fifth, according to qualitative analysis, Apple Daily provides more multi-dimensional reports about police, and the news about police in United Daily News is relatively more based on simple factual description, and Liberty Times will rather take a certain ‘opinion’ while reporting the news about police. Finally, this study explores explanatory issues based on ‘news values’ and conflict theory of crime.

並列關鍵字

police image ； media image management ； newspaper

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