台灣民俗主題樂園文化保存效益之研究

Research on Taiwan Folk-cultural Theme Parks and Their Benefits to Cultural Preservation

鄭丹妮(Tan-Ni Cheng)

指導教授 ： 謝潮儀

國立臺北大學/人文學院/民俗藝術研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究從文化旅遊的概念來探討民俗主題樂園的發展以及其文化保存效益。部分民俗文化村(folk village)融入主題樂園(theme park)的概念，提供以民俗文化為主題的氣氛，復刻的傳統氛圍使遊客彷彿置身於古代，並且將現代休閒娛樂概念融入園區傳統民俗文化表演、娛樂設施之中，另外配合博物館展示概念，在園區之中利用多種型態來展示「傳統民俗文化」。當文化旅遊興起的同時，民俗文化保育的概念也隨之發展，應用到具有商業性的民俗主題樂園之中，民俗主題樂園並不是博物館，其展品有「舞台真實性」的問題，但透過主題式旅遊結合保護傳統文化之概念，希望喚起常民對民俗文化的記憶、對傳統文化的認同，筆者認為以此方式可以排除過去傳統的參觀學習模式，從園區的氛圍感之中，以休閒角度體驗文化活動，進而產生文化認同感。本研究以探析遊客是否能藉由參與文化觀光，進而學習到對傳統文化的欣賞，獲得心靈上的充實及滿足，進而提昇民眾的文化素養，增加文化認同感，且能將傳統民俗文化與常民生活結合，以確保傳統民俗文化得以永續流傳，本研究透過現地田調以及深入訪問遊客參觀經驗、經營者的觀點等，來分析一座以營利為目的的民俗主題樂園是否具有文化保存效益。
本研究發現，參觀民俗主題樂園之遊客通常以休閒旅遊角度至園區參觀，並無特別懷抱學習心態，遊客在民俗主題樂園中以體驗的方式得到具有民俗文化風情的遊樂園經驗。另外，針對同一座民俗主題樂園，本國人容易對同樣文化背景的園區產生倦怠感，若是針對外國遊客而言園區的異國文化較具新鮮感及吸引力。
無論園區所展現的文化內涵是否對遊客具有吸引力，只要園區體驗是美好的、有趣的，即能產生文化認同感；若是展演的方式是有趣的，能讓遊客從文化體驗中感受到「有趣」，這樣在展示的過程之中，能引發遊客興趣，使遊客提出疑問，延續遊客離開園區之後的學習，來達到文化學習以及傳承。以商業手法經營的民俗主題樂園，若是園區能吸引遊客目光，遊客能藉由參與休閒活動中簡單學習到對文化、美的欣賞，進而產生文化認同，民俗主題樂園是具有文化保存效益的。

關鍵字

文化保存效益 ； 民俗文化村 ； 台灣民俗村 ； 日光江戶村 ； 民俗主題樂園 ； 體驗旅遊

並列摘要

This research discusses the development of Folk Cultural Theme Park and the benefit of cultural preservation. Some Folk Villages include the concept from Theme Parks that provides traditional folk culture theme with ancient atmosphere that makes the visitors feel like living in the past time. The Folk Cultural Theme Parks use the modern recreational idea to show the “new” traditional performance and recreational facilities. Also, the Folk Cultural Theme Parks transform the museum exhibition concept into various forms to present the traditional folk culture. When Cultural Travel arise, the folk cultural preservation awareness increases simultaneously, these idea was later applied to the Folk Cultural Theme Park commercially. The Folk Cultural Theme Park is not considered as museum, it faces the issue of “Stage Authenticity”. However, through the topic travel that incorporates cultural preservation concepts, the folk cultural theme park hopes to remind people of traditional folk memory and culture approval. The author thought this way can remove the traditional museum visit study, visitor can establish the culture approval from folk cultural theme park’s atmosphere and cultural experience. This research analyze approval whether the tourist can learn and enjoy the traditional folk culture, enrich its soul, and advances its cultural attainments by enjoy their culture tour. Hopefully, visitor can blend folk cultures into the modern life and maintain the traditional culture. Through fieldworks and interviews with the visitors and operators, this research analyzes whether the folk cultural theme parks have cultural preservation benefits.
This research discovers that tourists who visit the folk cultural theme parks, usually visit the theme parks for recreational purposes and not for cultural learning purposes. Most tourists only visits theme parks to enjoy the cultural atmosphere. On the other hands, domestic visitors easily feels bored about its own culture, and foreign visitors are more curious and attracted by foreign culture.
Whether the folk cultural theme parks attract the tourists can be determined by the tourist’s happy and funny experiences that generates “Cultural approval”. If performances are funny, and it develops tourists` interests on the exhibitions, the tourist are more likely to ask questions and learn the cultural Inheritance afterward. If a commercial theme park can attract visitor`s eyes, the tourists can easily understand culture from leisure activities and appreciate culture. Finally, tourists establish “Cultural approval” and that the folk custom theme parks have the cultural preservation benefit.

並列關鍵字

Cultural preservation benefit ； Folk village ； Taiwan folk village ； Japan Edowonderland ； Folk cultural theme park ； Experience traveling

參考文獻

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