不動產不實廣告之舉證責任研究-以民事判決為中心

The Burden of Proof in Real Estate Misleading Advertising-Focus on Civil Judgments

曾彥瑋(Yen-Wei Tseng)

指導教授 ： 曾明遜

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/不動產與城鄉環境學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

在不動產交易過程之中，廣告作為產品資訊交流的工具，傳達出和產品有關的信息給消費者，而買方和業者對於該廣告內容的解讀，是否存在著差異，對於交易日後是否會產生糾紛影響深遠。若日後因而發生糾紛，則關於不動產不實廣告之責任歸屬的問題便浮顯出來，買方是否是因為業者廣告內容因而購買了與實際買受不動產之間存在有落差的商品；或是業者聲稱其已盡其一切契約重要部分之說明義務而不需對此廣告上可容許性之誤差負責，此舉證責任之分配則為民事法院上攻防之重點。

研究資料來自於法學資訊系統的檢索，以台灣高等法院164件判決為研究中心，時間軸從民國87年至民國99年，將其類型化後將可一窺我國不實廣告糾紛之發生原因以及類型還有訴訟之攻防方式，並加以深入探討分析。

本文藉由實際發生之民事判決進行研究，以效率與經濟為核心之法律經濟觀點切入，檢視現行訴訟機制是否有助於不動產不實廣告舉證分配之紛爭解決。以交易成本觀點檢視各訴訟類型之當事人舉證分配，對制度作相對成本效益之比較藉以提供制度運作以及法令規範之調整以及修正建議。現行的舉證責任分配制度未能符合法之正義性以及公平性，必須要作適當的調整。

關鍵字

不動產不實廣告 ； 舉證責任 ； 經濟分析

並列摘要

Advertising plays a role in the transaction of real estate as a communication tool to exchange product information between buyers and sellers. The differences in interpretation of the advertising contents between buyers and sellers are the reasons that contribute to dissensions after transactions. When this problem arises, the attribution of responsibility for false advertising will emerge. Whether the buyer buys the defected product because of false advertising; or the seller claims that it has done all the descriptive obligations for the important parts of the contract and therefore is not responsible for this admissible advertising error. How the burden of proof is allocated will play a role for offensive and defensive actions in the civil court.

Our research data came from the law information retrieval database which used 164 Taiwan High Court judgments for examination. The timeline is from 1998 to 2010. After categorization, we can investigate and analyze the reasons, types and offensive and defensive actions for false advertising disputes.

This paper examined civil judgments while taking economic efficiency as the law economic starting point. We investigated to see whether or not the existing legal mechanism can resolve burden of proof disputes in real estate false advertising. By viewing different types of burden of proof allocation parties from a transaction cost perspective, we compared relative cost-effectiveness with the system, and offered suggestions for law adjustments and amendments. The current system does not comply with the law of justice and the fairness, we must make appropriate adjustments.

並列關鍵字

false advertising ； the burden of proof ； economic analysis

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