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  • 學位論文

以品質成本作為代工廠評選之研究—以電子業為例

A Study for Contractor Selection base on Cost of Quality – an example from electronics industry

指導教授 : 李緒東
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摘要


隨著電子相關產業分工日益精密,代工服務選擇成為了企業策略評估時相當重要的一環。在諸多競爭因素考量之下,許多企業選擇以價格作為挑選代工服務的主要考量。長期看來,若只重低成本而忽略品質,將會導致產品不良率增加並造成額外的報廢及重工成本,最終無法如期交貨產生更多的損失。在成本不是唯一競爭優勢的觀念下,現代企業逐漸發展出不同的競爭面向,如:品質、彈性、創新等,以期在商戰中勝出。然而多數的競爭面向缺乏量化評估的方法,俾使企業在選擇代工廠商時不易取捨。本研究建構一套植基于品質成本的代工廠評選方式,以美國品質管制學會 (American Society for Quality Control, ASQC) 的品質成本準則為分類基準,並以層級分析法 (Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP) 計算各成本項目的權重。研究中以一家台灣中小型電子業之實際品質成本資料為例,分析各代工廠品質成本方案;結果顯示品質成本比例最接近專家 AHP 權重之代工方案廠,確實有較好的品質水準以及較低的失敗成本 (包括內部失敗及外部失敗)。本研究提出代工廠商投入品質的適當成本比例可供電子代工廠自評,相關業者亦可藉此本研究之建議選擇適當的外包廠最後並提出。

並列摘要


With the development of electronic industry, to choose adequate contract electronics manufacturers (CEM) becomes a very important issue among the corporate strategies. Due to the fierce competition in the electronic industry, companies usually choose contract-service providers base on cost. The quality issues are usually omitted in the cost centric manufacturing environment. In the long run, it will increase the product defect rates, boost the scrap and rework costs, and eventually lead to the tardiness of order deliveries. However, other competitive dimensions such as: quality, flexibility, speed and innovation often lack of quantitative assessment while choosing CEMs. In this study, the authors are expecting to construct a set of criteria to evaluate quality related cost for the selection of CEMs. The criteria are based on the American Society for Quality Control (American Society for Quality Control, ASQC) and other researches. Practical cost data was be collected, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to access the weight for each quality cost. We find out that the closer the ratio of quality cost to the AHP results, the better the quality performance is. On the other hand, the selection closest to the AHP result has the lowest failure cost and lowest ratio of quality cost to the total cost. The conclusions of this research can be applied to practical cases when CEMs are needed.

參考文獻


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