律師辯護權之行使對刑事審判結果之影響

The Study of Effect of Attorneys’Defending Exercising to Judges in Criminal Cases

李幼妃(Lee Yu Fei)

指導教授 ： 黃富源

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

刑事辯護制度係為保護被告利益，充實被告防禦權及彌補被告法律知識之落差，使國家機關與被告實力差距得以適度調節，以求貫徹公平審判原則。本研究之目的，在於探討律師辯護權之行使，是否能確保個案真能達到使被告免於受不利判決之結果？而訴訟歷程之長短、法院之認事用法與量刑，是否可能因辯護律師之法庭外在表現，而受有影響等等，並透過刑事辯護制度理論及相關社會心理學理論等之回顧，進而建構本研究之理論及提出建議。

本研究定位為質性、實證研究，研究設計以深度訪談方式為蒐集資料之主要手段，有關研究客體之抽樣，採立意取樣（purposeful sampling）方式選擇樣本，以臺灣北部某地方法院具有六年以上之刑事審判資歷，且無不良紀錄之現職法官（包括庭長在內）為選取對象。至資料整理及研究分析係透過WinMAX程式，依照「紮根理論研究方法」進行。

研究發現，辯護律師之法庭外在表現行為，可能會影響法院審理刑事案件之審判結果，只是隨著不同之影響因子所產生之影響範圍、程度有別。根據訪談實證資料，可以確定律師進行忠實、實質、誠實之辯護時，是有利於被告，即使所影響的層面僅限於縮短結案時間，除了節省訴訟資源外，對被告而言仍係關係到其受刑事審判過程之不安定、不確定之精神壓力儘速宣告終結。

最後，本研究從辯護律師於刑事審判中之地位、功能與任務方面以觀，認為為落實刑事辯護制度之目的，並實踐法官在個案上之認事用法與量刑，可以達到公正、公平與客觀，爰從法學教育、律師職前訓練、律師評鑑制度、律師懲戒制度及法官研究領域延伸等面向提出適當建議。

關鍵字

刑事審判 ； 律師 ； 辯護權

並列摘要

The criminal defense system is established to protect the defendant’s interest, improve the defendant’s defense right and remedy the shortfall of the defendant’s legal knowledge, achieving proper adjustment to the distance between the power of the state authority and the defendant and implementation of the principle of fair trial. The purpose of this study is to explore whether the exercise of the attorney’s defense right can indeed ensure the avoidance of a court decision to the disadvantage of the defendant in individual cases, whether the period of the litigation process, determination of facts, application of law and imposition of criminal sanction by the court can be impacted by the outer performance in the court room by the defense attorney. This paper also constructs the theory of this study and proposes recommendations through a retrospective view on the criminal defense system theory and relevant social and psychological theories.

This study is positioned as a qualitative research based on substantial evidence. The study is designed to use in-depth interviews as the main measure of information collection. Relevant sampling of research objects are done by purposeful sampling. Samples are taken by current judges of a certain district court in the northern region of Taiwan with more than six years of criminal case trial experience and without improper records (including the head judge). Information compilation and research analysis are done through WinMAX procedure and based on the grounded theory.

The research shows that the outer performance in the court room by the defense attorney may impact the trial results of the court’s review of a criminal case. The only difference is the scope and degree of impact arising out of different impacting elements. Information of substantial evidence from interviews confirms that faithful, concrete and honest defense by an attorney is beneficial to the defendant, even if the level of impact is limited to the shortening of time required to close a case. In addition to the economy of litigation resources, from the defendant’s perspective, the instability and uncertainty of the criminal trial process also creates psychological pressure and the case should be closed as soon as possible.

Finally, this research believes that, from the perspective of the defense attorney’s status, function and mission in a criminal trial, in order to achieve the purposes of implementing the criminal defense system, executing the determination of facts, application of law and imposition of penalty by judges in individual cases, and achieving the objectives of fairness, equality and objectivity, this paper proposes proper recommendations in the aspects of legal education, pre-service training to attorneys’, attorney evaluation system, attorney disciplinary system and extension of research territories by judges.

並列關鍵字

criminal trial ； the right to defence ； attorney

參考文獻

王兆鵬，2009〈實質及忠實之辯護〉，《法令月刊》，60(7)：65-76

林妍如，2006《刑事被告受律師協助的憲法權利》，國立臺灣大學法律研究所碩士論文。

吳俊毅，2001〈辯護人在審判程序當中的地位─以德國為中心的探討〉，《法令月刊》，52(9)：54-64

吳俊毅，2003〈辯護人與其當事人的關係─以德國法為中心的探討〉，《法令月刊》，54(1)：26-34

黃朝義，2002《刑事訴訟法〈制度篇〉》，臺北：元照出版社