都市化與生態系統服務時空分布之關係：以臺南市為例

Spatiotemporal Pattern of the Ecosystem Services in Response to Urbanization: A Case Study of Tainan Urban Region

劉瑋軒(Wei-Hsuan Liu)

指導教授 ： 葉佳宗

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/都市計劃研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

都市化過程對於土地使用的需求不斷地增加，影響的範圍更涉及都市周邊的自然/鄉村地區。然而，將都市與鄉村地區視為兩個不同主體可能會忽略都市化過程對於生態系統的影響。本研究為探討都市化對整個都市區域範圍內生態系統服務之時空分布與變遷，以生態系統服務為研究主軸，其提供了人類社會利益與福祉，並同時強調都市對自然/鄉村地區各種資源、服務的依賴。本研究分析臺南市在1995年至2011年間，都市化程度與生態系統服務之間的關係，分別選取四種服務進行價值評估，包括糧食供給、洪水調節、休閒旅遊、淨初級生產力，同時考量工商服務業生產毛額作為社會經濟發展下的生產價值，爾後建立生態系統服務、社會經濟系統服務價值與都市化程度之間關係的研究假說，並於臺南市進行實證分析，討論各種服務價值在空間分布上的差異以及權衡取捨。研究結果顯示，各種生態系統服務價值的高低與地表的土地利用型態有關，都市化過程造成都市周邊地區生態系統服務價值有較為顯著的減損，反映在追求更高效率的社會經濟價值產出時，將犧牲部份的生態系統服務價值。藉由研究結果的討論，希冀能提供規劃者與決策者在土地使用政策評估與生態系統服務保育行動時一項有用的基礎資訊。

關鍵字

生態系統服務 ； 都市區域 ； 都市化 ； 都市-鄉村梯度

並列摘要

The process of urbanization constantly consumed land resources of rural and natural areas around the city. However, the separation of urban and rural sectors may ignore the impacts of urbanization on ecosystem. To investigate the distribution and change of ecosystem services in whole urban region, this study focuses on ecosystem services which provide benefits and well-being for the human society, and also emphasize the dependencies of cities on resources and services from natural and rural areas. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal pattern and changes of ecosystem services in Tainan urban region from 1995 to 2011. Four categories of ecosystem services including food provision, flood regulating, recreation and tourism, and net primary production was selected to estimate ecosystem service flow values and to map results for case study in Tainan. In addition, gross domestic production (GDP) of the industry, commercial, and service sectors as the socioeconomic production value will be utilized to explore the spatial differences between the values of ecosystem services and socioeconomic services. The hypotheses of the general patterns of four categories of ecosystem service in response to urbanization were established and were examined based on the results of valuation. The results of this study reveal the followings: (a) the economic value of the ecosystem services is affected by the different types of the land use. (b) The process of urbanization causes a significant degradation of the ecosystem services within the peri-urban area in Tainan. (c) In addition, a part of the ecosystem services may be sacrificed due to the economic growth in the urban areas. Besides, the trade-offs between these services value on space would also be discussed. The findings of this study could provide the useful information in not only the evaluation of the land use policy, but also the actions of the ecosystem services conservation for both the planners and the policy-makers.

並列關鍵字

Ecosystem Services ； Urban Region ； Urbanization ； Urban-Rural Gradient

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