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  • 學位論文

虛擬兒童色情規制之正當性

The legitimacy of regulation on virtual child pornography

指導教授 : 李茂生
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摘要


國家之所以禁止兒童色情物品,最根本的原因是為了保護真實存在的兒童免於在製造的過程之中以及之後受到各種直接和間接的傷害。但是對非真實存在的兒童進行性描寫的「虛擬兒童色情物品」卻未對任何真實存在的兒童造成直接的傷害,主張應該要禁止虛擬兒童色情物品的人們認為虛擬兒童色情物品不但會對兒童造成各種間接傷害,也會對使用本身者造成道德傷害。他們提出數個理論加以論證:使用虛擬兒童色情物品會導致對兒童的性犯罪、調教過程、市場理論、舉證的困境、造成兒童的性化,但是這些論點都缺乏實證研究的支持,而道德傷害的憂慮更是承襲自西方社會一直以來對色情和性的恐懼,而非根據已經證明的科學證據。強行透過意識形態和隱藏議程的方式將虛擬兒童色情物品視同兒童色情物品加以禁止的結果不但會產生說理上的困境,並且破壞現行法律體系的安定性,還會將保護兒童的重要資源浪費在毫無意義的事情上,結果反而造成兒童的傷害。 本文以美國和日本做為例子,這兩個國家在針對虛擬兒童色情物品的規範上已經較為謹慎,但是仍然無法解決理論本身的矛盾和現行法律體系的衝突。不禁使人疑惑這種對虛擬兒童色情物品的道德恐慌究竟是為了保護兒童,還是僅為了保護資本主義社會中的性道德感情以及兒童的神聖性概念?透過探討現代資本主義社會中兒童神聖性概念的成因,我們可以發現這種將兒童和性完全切割的需求是因應特定時空條件所產生的道德觀,並非本質上的必然。因此為了滿足這種感情上的需求而採取情緒性的、非論理的方式將虛擬兒童色情物品視為兒童色情物品加以禁止並不恰當。 所幸我國目前尚未將虛擬兒童色情物品視為兒童色情物品加以禁止,但是在所謂「國際潮流」的影響之下,將來很有可能會面臨這個議題的爭議。希望透過對這個議題的探討,使我國將來在碰到這個問題的時候能夠理性、全盤地考量,做出真正能夠保護兒童的法律政策。

並列摘要


The reason why child pornography is prohibited, is to prevent children from any kinds of direct and indirect harm caused in and after its production. However, “virtual child pornography” whitch sexually depicts minors who do not really exist, doesn’t cause any actual harm to any children. People who demand to criminalize virtual child pornography claim that the existence of these sexually explicit materials will not only cause indirect harm to children, but also cause moral harm to its consumer, thus it should be considered as child pornography and be baned. They cited several theses: consumption of virtual child pornography causes child sexual abuse, grooming process, market theory, difficulty of prosecution, and sexualisation of children. Yet these arguments are all lack of strong empirical evidences, and the unexamined assumption of moral harm caused by virtual child pornography is rooted in the nineteenth century fear of pornography and obcsenity. Forcing the prohibition of virtual child pornography by ideologies and hidden agendas will not only result in theoretical problems and a departure from existing legislation, but most important of all, divert valuable resources that oght to use in other area which might assist in protecting children more efficiently away. This article cited America and Japan for instance. These two countries are both very cautious whit the regulation of virtual child pornography, but still can’t avoid these theoretical problems and legislation conflict. This appears some wondering, that whether such moral panic toward virtual child pornography is to protect children from being harmed or merely to protect the sexual morality in capitalism society and the sacred status of child. By arguing the establishing of the sacred status of child in modern capitalism society, we can see that the total separation of “child” and “sex” is a circumstantial moral norm, not necessarily in nature. Thus to satisfy this moral satisfaction by emotional lawmaking rather than reasoning will not do any good but cause problems, and eventually harm our children by wasting resources in area that has nothing to do with protecting them. Nowadays, virtual child pornography in Taiwan remain unprohibited, but under the tend of globalization, it is very likely that we will have to face this argument in recent future. By discussing this argument, hopefully, we can make a reasonable, careful, and all-around considered decision, to protect our children and society.

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