- 學位論文
董事適用經營判斷法則調整之研究－以企業社會責任為核心
A Study on the Adjustment of Business Judgment Rule for Directors－Focusing on Corporate Social Responsibility
摘要
本論文目的在探討以企業社會責任為核心的思考下，董事適用經營判斷法則之調整。本文於第二、三章分別聚焦於探討企業社會責任與經營判斷法則之基礎介紹與現行情形；第四章討論董事適用經營判斷法則之限縮。二○○八年全球金融海嘯，造成全世界大型金融機構重創、股市衰退及長期失業人口大增等許多的社會問題，然而，董事決策造成了這些金融問題，卻可能因為受到經營判斷法則保護而免責，故本文討論董事適用經營判斷法則是否應有所限縮。美國因應上述問題，針對銀行董事轉向更加嚴格的金融監管與限縮適用經營判斷法則。本文認為欲更有效控管董事行為，除應加強金融監理外，尚需透過法院限縮董事適用經營判斷法則，做為維護穩健金融秩序之兩道防線。然董事責任過重，亦需以平衡機制做為救濟，包括補償制度與公司董監事重要職員責任保險。第五章討論董事適用經營判斷法則之擴張。為達落實企業社會責任目的，美國已有許多州通過法案，包括福利企業法案，允許公司董事追求社會公共利益與股東利益之雙重使命，但此特殊目的公司之董事於適用經營判斷法則上未臻明確。本文以經營判斷法則之要件檢視董事是否適用該法則，結果可能被認為不該當經營判斷法則之構成要件，致公司董事無法受到經營判斷法則之保護。本文認為以企業社會責任為核心運作之福利企業，除輔以法令規定外，應使董事擴張適用經營判斷法則，以求保護董事決策，期能落實企業社會責任。最後第六章結論，綜合整理本文內容，希冀能對我國法制有所啟示。
並列摘要
The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the adjustments of Business Judgment Rule for directors, focusing on Corporate Social Responsibility. In chapter two and three, it presents the concepts the theories of corporate social responsibility and the business judgment rule. The Global Financial Crisis that began in 2008 resulted in the threat of total collapse from large financial institutions, downturns in stock markets, and prolonged unemployment around the world. The financial crisis was caused by the directors' decision-making. However, the directors' decision-making is arguably a kind of personal liability founded on business decisions normally protected by the business judgment rule. In chapter four, it discusses that should courts have implement a more stringent, less generalized form of the business judgment rule as it applies to the financial institutions, especially for banks. The Business Judgment Rule protects the directors' decision-making to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility. With the thinking above leading the way, Maryland and then Vermont adopted benefit corporation laws in spring 2010, and the others followed in 2011 and 2012. The legislation allows the directors to consider outside stakeholders as well as shareholders in the decision-making process. Then the legislation seeks to impose standards on corporations that claim to be dedicated to a triple bottom line--positive economic, social, and environmental results. Too much ambiguity surrounds the application of the business judgment rule to a decision made by the board of directors of a benefit corporation. In chapter five, it discusses that should courts consider to extend the business judgment rule to their acceptance of the parachutes, in order to allow benefit corporations to articulate and enforce dual missions, and push for an even broader extension of corporate social responsibility. And the conclusions are organized at last chapter to assist in bringing light to this area of the law and providing some references for rule by law of Taiwan.