跨部門及組織間協力關係網之研究：以多元就業開發方案中彰投區為例

A study of Cross-Sectoral and Inter-Organizational Collaborative Networks in Taiwan: Case of the MEPP in Taichung-Changhua-Nantou Region

謝杏慧(Hsing-Hui Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 陳金貴

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/博士(2013年)

摘要

受到新公共管理與治理系絡變遷的影響，跨部門或組織間的界限因而出現交疊、滲透的現象，第三部門組織因此能頻繁地與政府協力，逐漸形成跨部門協力網絡以解決社會問題。本研究以申請多元就業開發方案補助的民間團體為研究對象，透過第三部門組織的自我認知調查，以瞭解不同協力強度下，台灣的跨部門及組織間協力網絡的發展類型與影響因素，以及目前浮現的協力網絡結構。

本研究將協力網絡的類型劃分為協力強度較低的非正式的資訊交換、正式的資訊交換與業務推介等三種一時性協力網絡，以及協力強度較高的資源共享、聯合活動與同盟建立等三類計劃性協力網絡。透過社會網絡問卷調查中彰投區99家多元團體的資料，運用社會網絡分析方法中的中心性、派系、對偶網絡密度檢測與QAP相關分析等方式，分析多元團體與政府之間及多元團體之間的社會關係類型與結構，同時訪談6家多元團體以深入瞭解其連結、整合外部資源的狀況，探究其與政府及其他多元團體的互動方式，同時以弱連帶與結構洞等社會網絡論點分析並驗證調查的結果。

根據本研究的調查結果，有如下之發現：一、多元團體因擴展業務規模與服務社會的使命而申請多元方案的補助；二、多元團體與政府間協力的網絡結構是鬆散的；三、地方政府是多元團體主要的資源分享對象；四、中彰投就服中心掌握資訊交換的權力；五、同屬第三部門的多元團體之間的協力網絡結構鬆散，且在多元方案中也未有多元團體足以擔任中介者或取得資訊控制的利益；六、在多元方案中，無論是跨部門或組織間協力，都沒有任何小派系成員足以影響整體；七、多元團體形式上依賴政府補助，實質上逐漸發展經濟類業務以走向自給自足。

由於協力已是不可避免的趨勢，但本研究的結果卻顯示目前跨部門及組織間的協力都屬於一時性協力，未進展到實質且高強度的計劃性協力，本研究因此提出五項建議：一、由中彰投就服中心扮演協力網絡建構的催化者；二、依據縣市之別推展多元團體的組織間協力；三、將多元方案諮詢輔導團隊的工作轉型於推動組織間協力網絡的建構；四、將社會型與經濟型團體連結起來，以發揮相互學習之效；五、能整合較多民間團體、政府或企業組織之資源者，應能於補助審查獲得額外加分的機會。

關鍵字

協力 ； 組織間關係 ； 弱連帶 ； 結構洞 ； 社會網絡 ； 中心性 ； 派系

並列摘要

Under the impact of the New Public Management (NPM) and governance, the actual boundary has become overlapped and penetrated across sectors and organizations. Consequently, the third sector organizations (TSOs) are able to collaborate intensively with the government, leading to a cross-sectoral collaboration network for social issues.

Utilizing a self-cognition survey by the third sector organization, this study targets at civil groups, subsidized by the government via the Multi-Employment Promotion Program (MEPP). The purpose of the survey is two-fold, on the one hand, to understand how the developmental types and influential factors correlate to different collaboration strengths during the collaboration among sectors or organizations, and on the other to investigate how the current collaboration network is formed.

Two major types of collaboration networks are distinguished in this study based on the strength of collaboration. The first subtype includes informal information exchange networks, formal information exchange networks, and work referral networks, three of which referred to spot collaboration networks. The other type consists of resource sharing, joint activity and alliance establishment as well as planned collaboration networks. The latter type characterizes stronger collaboration strengths than the former.

The social network survey in this study covers 99 multi-civil groups based in Taichung, Changhua and Nantou. Our analysis tools include centrality, cliques, and the test for paired densities as well as QAP correlations under the Social Network Analysis (SNA) in the hope of dissect the social types and structures between civil groups and the government and among civil organizations. Six multi-civil groups were chosen for an in-depth interview, where their interaction with the government is further explored by means of their connection and incorporation with external resources. Survey results are analyzed and examined via weak ties and structure holes under the social network framework.

Results lead to the following findings: (1) the multi-civil organizations have applied for the subsidies due to work expansion and social services; (2) the relation structure between these groups and the government is fairly loose with regard to their network; (3) the resources from the civil groups are mainly shared by the local government; (4) the Employment Services Center of the Taichung-Changhua-Nantou Region controls information exchange; (5) the relationship is also loose among the civil groups, and no broker could be found from the civil groups to receive and control information under the MEPP; (6) there is no clique between governments and multi-civil groups and among multi-civil organizations in the MEPP; and (7) the multi-civil groups receive governmental subsidies, but meanwhile financially have become more independent.

Despite the inevitable trend of collaboration between sectors, this study reveals a rather temporary, low-strength collaboration across sectors and organizations. The implication suggests the following: (1) the Employment Services Center of the Taichung-Changhua-Nantou Region could serve the catalyst role of collaboration network ; (2) the inter-organizational collaboration of TSOs could be developed based on the nature boundary of the region; (3) the MEPP consultancy group would be a good assistor for building collaboration social network; (4) the incorporation of social and economic organizations would be a plus; (5) those who are able to incorporate more resources from private organizations, the government and entrepreneurs should be encouraged when applying for MEPP subsidies.

並列關鍵字

collaboration ； interorganizational relationships, IORs ； weak tie ； structure holes ； social network ； centrality ； clique

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