運用二階段資料包絡法評估台灣汽車產業之經營效率

Evaluating the Operating Efficiency in Taiwan’s Automobile Industry by the Two-Stage DEA Approach

朱建忠(Chien-Chung Chu)

指導教授 ： 李文瑞

崑山科技大學/商業管理學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2004年)

摘要

鑒於目前國內對汽車產業經營效率評估研究的缺乏，加上我國加入WTO對汽車產業造成衝擊所突顯之經營效率的重要性，故本研究以國內汽車產業中整車廠為分析對象，運用二階段資料包絡法(two-stage DEA)對國內汽車產業進行經營效率評估。
本研究分析對象為國內汽車產業4家整車廠，資料來源為台灣地區車輛工業同業公會與經濟新報前3000大資料庫所彙整統計之資料，分析期間為民國86年至90年，藉由相關文獻探討分別篩選出以員工人數、總資產作為投入項，及以生產數量、市場佔有率、營業收入作為產出項，運用二階段生產過程方式，分段評估各整車廠之生產效率、營收效率與綜合效率。最後，並以Mann-Whitney法檢定整車廠上市與否是否會影響其經營效率。研究發現如下：
1.在比較二階段分段評估與傳統單一階段二種評估方式後，發現採用二階段的方式，不僅能更完整的呈現出評估對象經營活動的過程，同時也能清楚地看出各評估對象所具備的優劣勢，提供企業在日後的營運過程中更具體的改善方向。
2.我國汽車整車廠的規模報酬可分為遞減與固定二種，並無規模報酬遞增的情形。屬於規模報酬遞減的整車廠，代表其在大於最適規模狀態下生產，即產出增加率小於投入增加率，故應積極改善產出要素方面的表現，設法增加市場規模與擴大營業收入來源，提高汽車銷售量與營業收入。
3.本研究藉由Mann-Whitney法檢定整車廠上市與否是否會影響其經營效率，結果發現整車廠經營效率好壞與其是否為上市公司無關。此一結果顯示，台灣汽車整車廠應更加重視經營管理策略，方能有效改善經營效率。

關鍵字

經營效率 ； 二階段資料包絡法 ； 汽車產業

並列摘要

Operating efficiency is an important index to companies. However, there are not many researches about the operating efficiency for Taiwan’s automobile manufacturers. After Taiwan has been admitted a member of WTO, the operating efficiency become more important in competitiveness analysis. This research aims to explore the operating efficiency among Taiwan’s automobile manufacturers. The method this research employed is the two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach.
Through literature review, this study selects four automobile manufactories in Taiwan for evaluating their operating efficiency. Data analyzed from 1997 to 2001 were drawn from the TTVMA and TEJDB. For research purpose, labor and total asset were regarded as the inputs while production volume, market share and revenue the outputs. By using two-stage DEA, the efficiencies of revenue, operations, and the integrated efficiency can be figured out respectively. Finally, this study examines the efficiency difference between the public-listed and nonpublic-listed automobile manufactories by using the Mann-Whitney approach. The research results are as follows:
1.Compared with traditional one-stage DEA, the two-stage DEA approach can not only demonstrate the whole process of DMU’s operational activities, but also present detailedly the strength and weakness of the research objects.
2.The return on scale in Taiwan’s automobile manufactories appears two types: DRS and CRS. There is no type of IRS shown up in this research. The automobile manufactories of DRS type should improve the utilization of their inputs and raise automobile sales and revenue through expanding the market and diverse sources of revenue.
3.No evidence shows there is a significant efficiency difference between the public-listed and nonpublic-listed automobile manufactories.

並列關鍵字

Operating efficiency ； Automobile industry ； Two-stage DEA

參考文獻

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