環境檢測機構管理策略之研究－以檢測機構查核機制為例

A Study of the Management Strategy of Environmental Analysis Organizations － Using Audit System as an Example

黃國財(Guo-Tsai Huang)

指導教授 ： 許逸群

崑山科技大學/工程學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

我國環境檢測機構之許可係採強制性認證制度，凡經環境檢驗所許可之檢測機構，即可依許可類別及項目執行污染管制法規所規定之檢測工作。近年國內景氣不佳、廠商嚴重外移及同業惡性競價等因素，環境檢測業務量雖逐年成長，但檢測總額卻未隨檢測業務量提高而增加，導致檢測機構在品質系統管理與執行檢測作業監督呈現參差不齊，進而影響檢測機構營運管理與品質運作。有鑑於此環保署近年持續委託學術機構執行環境檢測機構檢驗室及現場採樣之查核計畫。
本研究藉由檢測機構查核作業程序及規範文件之建置與檢驗室品質系統規範轉換，探討查核意見分類系統、查核一致性試評與檢測機構查核，瞭解檢測機構之品質系統運作現況。此外，由檢測機構分級制度問卷調查、檢驗室系統評等計算與檢測機構退場機制，研議檢測機構管理改善策略，以供主管機關作為未來檢測機構管理之參考。
研究結果顯示，「查核意見分類系統」可將檢測機構查核之各項系統評鑑項目轉換成歷史紀錄數據，作為教育宣導和查核之依據。查核一致性表單設計結果顯示，排除異常極端值的確可作為查核一致性試評之參考依據。此外，檢測機構分級制度問卷調查採電子郵件傳送共94份，整體回收率為51.1%；檢測機構分級制度約75%贊成，採分三級共33家佔78.6%，仍需修訂管理辦法、配套措施及分級後管理機制。檢驗室系統評等計算在查核表單填寫須達90%，且必要查核項目皆應填寫，並得知必要與次要查核項目之評鑑分數權重比為3：1。對存在檢測機構監督漏洞之檢測機構體質不健全者採退場機制；檢測機構體質尚健全者採檢驗室合併處理。

關鍵字

分級制度 ； 查核 ； 環境檢測機構 ； 退場機制

並列摘要

The environmental analysis organization (EAOs) needs to get a authorized certification that issued by an official institute, Environmental Analysis Laboratory, to run environmental analysis operations in Taiwan. Every certification is for a specific inspection operation. The environmental analysis operations business grows up year by year, nevertheless, the amount of inspection is stagnancy in recent years, due to bad prosperity, manufacturer left and hostile to compete the price between EAOs. Those latencies cause quality of management and inspection uneven in EAO. Therefore, Environmental Analysis Laboratory authorizes academic organization to audit EAO laboratory in contemplation of holding operation since 2002.
This study has divided to two parts: (1) investigates the quality of management and inspection by inspection category system, and (2) evaluates rating system and market-exit mechanism by questionnaire and grade for EAOs. 94 rating system questionnaires have been send out by email, and recovery percentage is 51%.
The results indicated that inspection category system can keep score of each evaluate item as a record. This record will support for audit and publicity. There is about 75% of environmental analysis organizations were agree with rating system. For ranking level, 33 environmental analysis organizations were approve of three levels, that are excellent, good, and fair. Furthermore, rating system has to form a complete set by establish the environmental analysis organizations management regulations. An audit sheet with good design may provide consistence criterion and make audit is equitable. Audit items were divided to major and minor. All major items must be filling out and minor has not. The evaluated score of audit sheet for each EAO was calculated by a weighting factor 3 (major items):1 (minor items). If the evaluated score is not good, even poor, this study suggested a market-exit mechanism to weed out unqualified environmental analysis organizations.

並列關鍵字

Market-Exit Mechanism ； Audit ； Environmental Analysis Organization ； Rating System

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