應用模糊控制器於無感測無刷直流馬達速度控制之研究

The Speed Control of Sensorless Brushless DC Motor Using Fuzzy Controller

賴秋名(Chiu-Ming Lai)

指導教授 ： 黃昭明

共同指導教授 ： 郭松村(Sung-Chun Kuo)

崑山科技大學/工程學院/電機工程研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本論文提出以數位訊號控制器dsPIC30F4011為核心之無感測無刷直流馬達之模糊速度控制方法。無刷直流馬達簡稱為BLDC，它主要利用變頻電路取代傳統的碳刷與整流子，在能源與環保的雙重誘因下，BLDC未來將取代直流馬達，成為高效率環保產品的驅動元件。
BLDC概分為有感測器驅動與無感測器驅動兩種。有感測偵測技術一般採用霍爾元件偵測轉子位置，在馬達靜止或低速時均可順利啟動，但由於須加裝霍爾元件，因而增大馬達體積與成本；而無感測偵測技術主要利用反電動勢訊號偵測轉子位置，因此可改善體積與成本的缺點。
為進行閉迴路速度控制，本論文應用模糊理論設計一套控制器，以適應負載變動下的響應。模糊控制器能針對系統為非線性或系統數學模式未知情況下進行良好的控制，因此廣受業界所使用。本論文以三相無刷直流馬達(1.5Hp)進行研究，以驗證所提出方法的可行性，論文中除利用啟動特性實驗以驗證反電動勢偵測方法的可行性外，再於不同命令轉速下進行負載變動實驗，以驗證模糊控制器良好的控制性能。

關鍵字

無感測無刷直流馬達 ； 數位訊號控制器 ； 反電動勢 ； 模糊控制器

並列摘要

This thesis proposes the fuzzy controller to the speed control of sensorless brushless DC Motor (BLDC) based on digital signal controller dsPIC30F4011. The BLDC mainly uses inverter to substitute for carbon brush and commutator. Under the incentives of both energy and environmental protection, BLDC will substitute for DC motor and will become the drive component of high-efficiently environment-friendly product.
In general, the BLDC can be divided into sensor drive and sensorless drive techniques. The sensor drive technique uses Hall sensors to detect rotor position, which can be successfully started up whenever motor is static or operated at low speed condition. But due to the installation of Hall sensors, the motor size is large and the cost is increased. The sensorless drive technique employs back electromotive force (BEMF) signals to detect rotor position, which can improve the disadvantages of sensor drive technique.
To carry out the close-loop speed control, this thesis applies fuzzy theory to design a controller which can accommodate the response of load variation. Fuzzy controller can make a good control whenever the system is nonlinear or its mathematical model is unknown. Therefore, the fuzzy controller is widely used in the industrial circles. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, this thesis employs three-phase brushless DC motor (1.5Hp) to fulfill the experiments. The proposed method utilizes start-up experiment to validate the feasibility of BEMF method. Then the fuzzy controller is employed to verify the control performance under different speed commands with load variation.

並列關鍵字

Sensorless BLDC motor ； Digital signal controller ； Back electromotive force ； Fuzzy controller

參考文獻

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[10] B. G. Park, T. S. Kim, J. S. Ryu, and D. S. Hyun, “Fuzzy Back-EMF Observer for Improving Performance of Sensorless Brushless DC Motor Drive,” IEEE proceedings of the 25th Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition , Vol. 5, Mar. 2006, pp. 674-678.