黑點小葉蟬Singapora nigropunctata（Cicadellidae)之族群生物學研究

Population Biology of the Tiny Leafhopper Singapora nigropunctata (Cicadellidae) in Taiwan

林玉珍(Yu-Chen Lin)

指導教授 ： 翁義聰

崑山科技大學/工程學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究自2009年4月12日起至2010年4月17日止，探討黑點小葉蟬（Singapora nigropunctata Mahmood, 1967）的族群生態及其生活史。黑點小葉蟬是印度紫檀（Pterocarpus indicus Willd.）、菲律賓紫檀（P. vidalianus Rolfe）及水黃皮（Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre ex Merr.）的植食性昆蟲。雌蟲平均體長2.63± 0.03 mm（mean± SD），平均頭殼寬含眼0.73± 0.01 mm（N= 66）；雄蟲平均體長2.01± 0.02 mm，平均頭殼寬含眼0.70± 0.01 mm（N= 51），雌蟲大於雄蟲。飼養於實驗室的雌雄性別比為1.3: 1（N= 103），野外族群雌雄性別比為1.5: 1（N= 2,389）。它產卵於紫檀枝幹上，剛孵化的一齡若蟲爬出卵鞘後立即脫皮在卵旁是為二齡，數小時後又再脫皮為三齡，三齡至九齡若蟲的各齡期約1至2天；十齡若蟲的齡期最長，恆溫30℃為2.4± 0.9天，室溫30℃為2.4± 0.8天，室溫23℃為2.8± 1.1天；最後第10次脫皮為亞成蟲，亞成蟲至性成熟為1.0± 0.0天，若蟲共計10齡；從孵化到有翅成蟲，恆溫30℃需14.0± 1.3天、室溫30℃需13.5± 1.1天及室溫23℃需15.2± 1.9天；族群世代重疊，一年超過12個世代。飼養於實驗室的雌蟲平均產卵數為70.3± 15.1個，雌蟲平均壽命為18.3± 2.8天（N= 4）。於2009年6月21日蓮花颱風之前的8週期間及12月1日的寒流（15.8℃）之前的11週期間，族群密度的週成長率分別為3.2± 1.2及3.2± 1.5。

關鍵字

葉蟬科 ； 黑點小葉蟬 ； 紫檀 ； 族群 ； 生活史

並列摘要

In this study, we investigated about population ecology and life history of the tiny leafhopper Singapora nigropunctata Mahmood, 1967 (Cicadellidae) in Taiwan from 12 April 2009 to 17 April 2010. The tiny leafhopper was an insect herbivore on burmese rosewood (Pterocarpus indicus and P. vidalianus) and poongaoil (Pongamia pinnata). The average length of female leafhoppers’ bodies was 2.63± 0.03 mm (± a standard error) and the average width of their heads, including eyes, was 0.73± 0.01 mm (N= 66) respectively. The average length of male leafhoppers’ bodies was 2.01± 0.02 mm and the average width of their heads was 0.70± 0.01 mm (N= 51) respectively. The female’s bodies were bigger than the male’s. The rate of the female and the male in laboratory and in the field were 1.3: 1 (N= 103) and 1.5: 1 (N= 2,389) respectively. The tiny leafhopper laid its eggs on the branches of the burmese rosewood. In the beginning of the first nymphal instar, it peeled beside its egg. The second nymphal instar peeled again after hours. The developmental periods from third to ninth nymphal instar were 1~2 days. The tenth nymphal instar took the longest time. In a thermostatic container of 30℃, it took 2.4± 0.9 days. In the room temperature of 30℃, it took 2.4± 0.8 days, and in the room temperature of 23℃, it took 2.8± 1.1 days. The last time peeling into a sub-adult with wings took 1.0± 0.0 day. There were ten nymphal instars altogether. From hatching to being a winged-adult, it took 14.0± 1.3 days if in a constant temperature of 30℃; it took 13.5± 1.1 days if in a room temperature of 30℃; it took 15.2± 1.9 days if in a room temperature of 23℃. Generation overlapped the subsequent generation and there were twelve of them in a year. The average number of laying eggs of the female ones fed in lab was 70.3± 15.1. The life expectancy of the female ones was 18.3± 2.8 days (N= 4). The population density of the tiny leafhoppers weekly increasing rate was 3.2± 1.2 times based on the eight weeks data before the Typhoon Lotus, and was 3.2± 1.5 times based on the eleven weeks data before the cold fronts (15.8℃).

並列關鍵字

Cicadellidae ； Singapora nigropunctata ； Pterocarpus spp. ； population density ； life history

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