微處理器數位切換之混合能源驅動電子式安定器

Electronic Ballast Driven by Hybrid Source Using Microprocessor-Controlled Digital Switching Technique

周睦潾(Mu-Lin Chou)

指導教授 ： 莊英俊

崑山科技大學/工程學院/電機工程研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

太陽能源是乾淨、無汙染且隨處可得的能源，而且取之不盡、用之不竭，在石化能源逐漸短缺的今日，選擇太陽光電能作為替代能源是解決能源危機的途徑之一。為了使太陽能光電板產生的能量做有效的利用，蓄電池儲能系統(Battery Energy Storage System, BESS)應此而生，本論文提出一微處理器數位切換之混合能源驅動高頻電子安定器，目的是將現有能源作最佳化的利用。
傳統使用太陽能蓄電池組作為高頻電子安定器能量來源，通常需要經過一級換流器與濾波電路使直流電壓轉換成交流電驅動高頻電子安定器。然而，此種電路架構系統往往在白天或日照強度大時閒置運作，降低整體系統效率，此傳統架構並非最理想的照明系統，因此為了提升轉換效率，很多論文也紛紛提出新的系統架構並實際運用。在此，本論文提出直接以蓄電池儲能系統作為電源來源，直接驅動E類共振換流器，減少傳統電路額外的換流器與濾波電路，且直接以蓄電池儲能系統作為電源來源驅動E類共振換流器，整體系統效率可高達94.2％。當蓄電池儲能系統供應電壓低於一設定電壓時，單晶片微處理器將接收訊號控制繼電器動作，市電經由橋式整流器再經降升壓式轉換器功率因數修正(Power-Factor-Correction, PFC)，將能量傳遞至E類共振換流電子安定器，取代蓄電池儲能系統供電。整合後的安定器不僅共用一個主動功率開關，節省開關元件數與控制電路，並將此主動開關以固定頻率切換，使降升壓式轉換器操作於非連續電流模式(Discontinuous Conduction Mode, DCM)，可在輸入電源端獲得高功率因數。採用脈波寬度調變的方式控制主動開關，驅動一個PL-27W小型螢光燈管，透過適當電路參數設計使主動開關能於零電流切換導通(Zero Current Switching, ZCS)，以維持電路的高效率。上述架構及法則均以理論分析與實驗結果證明其可行性，根據實驗結果可知，單級電子安定器整體效率高達91.1％，功率因數高於0.995，電流總諧波失真低於5％，實驗結果相當令人滿意。

關鍵字

太陽光電能 ； 蓄電池儲能系統 ； 混合能源 ； 電子安定器 ； 微處理器

並列摘要

Recently, photovoltaic (PV) energy as an alternative energy resource has been widely discussed, due to the merits of pollution-free, abundant and broadly available. However, in order to draw power from PV arrays and store excess energy, battery energy storage system (BESS) is required in this system. To optimize the use of the existing sources, this thesis presents a high-frequency electronic ballast driven by hybrid sources using microprocessor-controlled digital switching technique.
Conventionally, high-frequency electronic ballasts, when consuming power from the PV powered battery bank, often use an inverter stage with a bulk filter circuit to convert the DC voltage to an AC source for the high-frequency electronic ballasts. However, it is explicit that this system is idle at daytime or with insolation. This structure of the proposed illuminating system has not been optimally used. For increasing energy conversion efficiency, many topologies have been proposed and implemented. An alternative to solve this structure is the use of direct-connected of power supplies. In normal times, the electronic ballast with class-E resonant inverter is directly powered by the BESS without any extra inverter stage and filter stage. When uses the BESS source to directly drive the electronic ballast with class E resonant inverter, the maximum efficiency of the proposed topology can be as high as 94.2%. Once the BESS’s voltage declines to the pre-set discharging point, the microprocessor-controlled relay will automatically switch to the utility line to continuously supply the electronic ballast. Under this operating condition, the circuit is obtained from the integration of a buck-boost converter for power-factor-correction (PFC) and a class E resonant inverter for electronic ballast. Only one active power switch is commonly used by both power stages to save the cost of active switches and control circuits. The electronic ballast can achieve nearly unity power factor by operating the buck–boost converter at discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). With carefully designed circuit parameters, the active power switch can be operated at zero-current-switching (ZCS), leading to high circuit efficiency. A prototype circuit designed for a PL-27W compact fluorescent lamp is built and tested to verify the theoretical predictions. The experimentally obtained efficiency from the single-stage electronic ballast is equal to 92.1%. In addition, this new design can achieve a high power factor greater than 0.995 and a low total harmonic distortion less than 5%. Then, satisfactory performances are obtained from the experimental results.

並列關鍵字

Photovoltaic energy ； battery energy storage system ； hybrid source ； electronic ballast ； microprocessor

參考文獻

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