- 學位論文
臺灣經濟成長對環境污染與產業結構影響之研究
The influence of economic growth on the air pollution and industrial structures in Taiwan
摘要
環境顧志耐曲線(Environmental Kuznets Curve, EKC)指出經濟發展與環境污染呈一倒U曲線，工業發展初期人民對於工作與收入之熱衷，遠勝於對清淨空氣之要求，污染因此迅速成長。但隨著收入的增加，民眾對於環境品質之重視逐漸增加，環境污染強度與經濟成長趨勢逐漸偏離，國內目前對此方面之探討相當缺乏，此為本研究之緣起。 本研究目的在於檢視臺灣地區1984-2006大氣環境中空氣污染物之濃度與人均國民生產毛額之關係，探討二者間是否存在一環境顧志耐曲線，並推求當空氣污染達到最高時(轉折點)所對應之人均國民生產毛額。本文共分析五種法規空氣污染物，包括一氧化碳、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、臭氧與懸浮微粒，初步結果顯示一氧化碳、二氧化硫與二氧化氮等與人均國民生產毛額均呈倒U關係，所對應之人均國民生產毛額分佈於160,000–260,000元，懸浮微粒與臭氧則趨勢不明顯。 另一方面對產業結構變化與環保政策實施做探討，以現有資料分析各污染物早期污染濃度下降原因，SO2濃度之改善與工業比重下降有關，CO及NO2則因政府公布實施汽機車排放標準加嚴而使得污染濃度下降，PM10易於察覺，而提早防治，O3無轉折點出現，可能與其污染物特性與傳播不同有關。
並列摘要
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) pointed out that economic growth and environmental degradation has an inverted U-shaped relationship. During initial industrial period, people usually care about their job and income better than issue of clear air, therefore pollution grows rapidly in this period. After when people’s income increase to certain levels, people will pay more attention to the environment quality. Under this circumstance, the environmental degradation will be reduced and the economic growth continuously will increase. This work investigates the relationship between environmental pollution and per capita Gross National Product (GNP) in Taiwan to check if an EKC existence here. The pollution is represented with ambient concentrations of five criteria pollutant, CO, SO2, NO2, PM10 and O3, from 1984 to 2006. The correspond per capita GNP when air pollution began to be improved (turning point) are also checked. The result showed that the existence of EKC between CO, SO2 and NO2 and per capita GNP in Taiwan and their correspond per capita GNPs distribute at 160,000-260,000 NT. The PM10 and O3 fall to produce EKCs.