汽車LED頭燈設計及光學性質之研究

The Design and Optical Performance Analysis of LED Automotive Headlamp

李濠安(Hao-An Lee)

指導教授 ： 吳澤松

崑山科技大學/工程學院/機械工程研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究之目的在設計開發美規LED汽車頭燈，藉由取得Philips Lumileds Altilon LEDs LAFL-C4L-0850原廠所提供的詳細光源資料檔案整合並搭配ASAP光學分析軟體實際完整設計，以3D繪圖軟體建構出光源模型、光通量、反射鏡反射率、透鏡穿透率及折射率，採用自由曲面之變焦橢圓方式設計汽車頭燈，系統應用包含LED光源的光線及投射燈模組將透鏡、反射鏡、光學曲面、散熱模組的組成建構，依CAE設計製作車燈模型，利用LMT GO-H 1400車燈專業配光儀器做量測，使近光燈光束可達到1.5D-2R最小燭光值15,000cd以上，完成LED車燈的設計驗證光度分析，使投射之光形分佈符合明暗截止線(cut-off line)之需求驗證符合美國聯邦試驗規範(Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108, FMVSS No.108) 燈、反光裝置及SAE規範為設計法規之基礎要求。
由研究結果可得知，本文設計之汽車近光燈着重於投射式頭燈非球面透鏡之光學設計與模擬分析，藉由LED光源的光線及投射透鏡與反射鏡模組之光形疊加，並適當移動使光型明暗截止線對比產生上下非對稱的分佈，以提高配光效率達到80%以上。最後將結合散熱模組設計之LED頭燈進行實驗測試分析，以探討自然對流中所模擬出較佳之散熱效能設定約在60~65%之間；藉由發展LED頭燈陣列的最佳化設計，以滿足車燈於實際應用時的溫度狀態。

關鍵字

汽車頭燈 ； 光學設計 ； LED投射單元 ； 散熱模組

並列摘要

The aim of this study is to design and develop LED headlamps of American vehicles using the original detail data of light of Lumileds Altilon LEDs LAFL-C4L-0850 which was provided by Philips. Moreover, it used 3D drafting software to construct the light source model, luminous flux, reflection rate of the mirror, lens penetrating rate and refraction rate by collocating with the ASAP optical analysis software. Vehicle headlamps with free surfaces of polyellipsoid reflector surface include LED lighting and the projection modules, reflection mirror, optical surfaces, and thermal module. According to the lamp model produced by CAE software and the measurement of LMT GO-H 1400 which is a professional distribution machine for vehicle lamp lighting, a low beam lighting could reach 1.5D-2R at least 15,000 cd. With this verification, the projection lighting distribution shape met the regulations cut-off line that were validated by United States Federal test specifications (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108, FMVSS No.108) and SAE.
The result of this study revealed that low beam lights focuses on the optical design of aspheric lens and the simulation analysis of headlamps. Through the overlapping of LED lighting, projection and reflection and the appropriate comparison of light-cut-off asymmetric distribution, the efficiency of light distribution could be enhanced more than 80%. Finally, the LED vehicle lamps with a thermal module was analyzed in order to realize the better thermal performance of natural convection would be between 60% and 65%, which meets the practical temperature state of vehicle lamps while operation.

並列關鍵字

Headlamp ； optical design ； LED projection unit ； thermal module

參考文獻

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