機車怠速自動熄火之快速啟動策略探討

本研究針對機車實施「怠速熄火」策略之後及其快速啟動特性進行探討。一般於引擎熄火之際，往往會有未完全燃燒燃料附著於觸媒的可能；或在引擎再啟動之際，因為油氣增濃而使燃燒不完全。上述現象可能導致觸媒的積碳，或累積於觸媒表面的燃料因觸媒的升溫而產生大量的熱釋放，導致觸媒的傷害，這些都可能影響觸媒的活性。歷經12315次循環的測試之後發現，CO及HC的劣化都不嚴重，劣化係數與原車相近；以新觸媒與用過的觸媒經由掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM) 拍攝，並進行能量散佈分析儀(Energy Dispersive Spectrometer, EDS)分析，都發現觸媒表面稍有碳的成分，但都不嚴重。可見實施怠速熄火方式對於排氣污染防制裝置的劣化影響並不明顯。另外，為縮短引擎啟動時間、降低或不增加啟動耗能、減少啟動過程的污染排放，本研究以不同啟動齒輪比以提升啟動轉速，並於引擎熄火後預先噴油於氣道內、或於熄火前將燃料預先吸入燃燒室內進行混合，使之於再啟動時可以快速啟動引擎。測試結果發現，兩者皆能有效降低啟動循環次數，而且後者效果大於前者。原車3至4個循環啟動引擎，實施此預先噴油策略之後，可減少至1個循環即可成功點著火。

關鍵字

怠速熄火；污染排放；快速啟動

並列摘要

In this study, the re-starting characteristics of a motorcycle engine under idle-stop were investigated. Generally when turning off the engine, there is often incomplete combustion of fuel attached to the catalyst; or when restarting engine, the air-fuel mixture will become rich to cause the incomplete combustion. After 12,315 cycles of testing, it was found that the increase of CO and HC emissions were not serious. The surfaces of new and the used catalysts were observed by using the scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer analysis. The carbon deposit were found on the catalyst surface, namely, the deterioration of the exhaust pollution control unit under idle-stop was not significantly. Another aim of this study was to shorten the engine re-starting time, reduce energy consumption and pollution emissions during start-up. In the initial stage of the study, the gear ratio of the starter was changed, and the parameters of the engine speed and cylinder pressure and the starting motor current were measured and analyzed. The results showed that supplying the fuel as the engine was stopped completely or before the piston was stopped would give the quicker restarting characteristics.

並列關鍵字

Idle-Stop ； Exhaust Emissions ； Quick Start

參考文獻

[4] 李國榮，機車怠速熄火技術之研究，碩士論文，國立屏東科技大學車輛工程系，2010。

[40] 蔣榮先著，工業電子–感測與轉換系統，今古文化事業股份有限公司，1990年4月。

[3] R.F. Horng, H.M. Chou, “Effect of input energy on the emission of a motorcycle engine with an electrically heated catalyst in cold-start conditions,” Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 24, 2004, pp. 2017-2028.

[5] K. Sawai, T. Ohmae, H. Suwaki, M. Shiomi, S. Osumi, “Idling-stop vehicle road tests of advanced valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 174, 2007, pp. 54–60.

[6] M. Toriyama, T. Iwadate, T. Yuhara, H. Shinmura, “Development of idling stop system for scooter,” Technical Notes/JSAE Review, Vol. 22, 2010, pp. 92–94.

國際替代計量

機車怠速自動熄火之快速啟動策略探討

全文下載

主題瀏覽