港區底泥內多環芳香烴(PAHs)生態風險評估探討

Ecological Risk Assessment Study of PAHs in the Sediment of Fishing Harbors

張書榮(Shu-Jung Chang)

指導教授 ： 高年信

崑山科技大學/工程學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究乃探討我國東部漁港及相關文獻報導區域港區底泥內多環芳香烴生態風險評估及化學指紋鑑定。由於台灣東部的主要兩大漁港為花蓮漁港與成功漁港，近年來隨著科技文明的進步，能源上的使用，也從傳統煤礦已轉為石油、天然氣...等等，國人對生活休閒品質也不斷提升，花蓮漁港與成功漁港也因此從傳統漁業逐漸轉為一個休閒觀光的複合式港口，相對港區內船隻類型也較多樣化。因漁撈、運輸等海上活動，而造成船舶航運引起的船用油品可能洩漏、廢氣排放、及引擎冷卻水之排放等汙染，故整個海洋的生態汙染風險相對提升。其中多環芳香烴Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)為常見的油品汙染物，對港區生態環境與人體皆有可能造成負面影響。由於生態風險評估是一種具有系統性、原則性架構與方法，故本研究方法參考美國環境保護署Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines (CBSQG) 做為底泥生態風險評估之基準。這套準則，建立了兩個濃度比較基礎，一個是對生態影響比較低的濃度閾值效應 TEC (threshold effect concentration)，另一個是對生態影響較高的可能影響濃度 PEC (probable effect concentration)。另外，本研究也利用了海洋與河口沉積物中有機污染物的潛在生態風險的閾值效應濃度（threshold effects level，TEL）和可能效應濃度（probable effects level，PEL），兩者作為沈積物質量的生態風險評估標準。但由於沉積物往往是多種污染物的結合，且不同污染物之間可能存在著協同作用。本研究也應用了ERL (Effects Range Low )，其為代表污染物濃度超過其值可能發生不利生態影響，與ERM (Effects Range Median)，其為代表污染物濃度超過其值會發生不利生態影響等兩種方式，間接評估河口底泥的混和毒性。

關鍵字

多環芳香烴 ； 生態風險評估 ； 底泥質量準則 ； 化學指紋鑑定

並列摘要

This study is to investigate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Port sediment ecological risk assessment and chemical fingerprinting. East of the island's two major fishing port for the the Hualien fishing port and successful fishing port in recent years with the civilization and progress of science and technology, energy use, from the traditional coal mines have been converted to oil, natural gas ... and so on, people leisure and quality of life rising, the Hualien fishing port and the successful fishing port from the traditional fishing is gradually turning into a leisure and tourism in the composite port, the relative type of vessel within the port area is also more diversified. By the Council of Agriculture Fisheries is a statistical Hualien fishing port in the 95 to 99 vessels the amount of an average of 381 successful fishing port 328 can be seen Minato work boats, fishing, transportation and other maritime activities, resulting in the ship shipping caused by marine oil spills, emissions, and engine cooling water emissions, pollution, ecological risk of contamination of the entire ocean is relatively upgrade. Which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in oil pollutants, Port of ecological environment and human is possible negative impact. As the ecological risk assessment is a systematic, principled framework and methods, this research methods refer to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines (CBSQG) as sediment ecological risk assessment basis. The guidelines, two levels, a relatively low impact on the ecological threshold concentration effect of the TEC (threshold effect concentration), the other is the higher ecological impact that may affect the concentration of the PEC (probable effect concentration), to two levels as forecast. In addition, Long et al. Used to determine the potential ecological risk of organic pollutants in marine and estuarine sediment threshold effect concentration (threshold effects level, TEL), and the possible effect concentrations (probable effects level, the PEL), both also be regarded as ecological risk assessment of the sedimentary material quality standards. However, sediment is often a combination of a variety of pollutants, there may besynergies in the different pollutants. Therefore of ERL (Effects, Range Low), the pollutant concentration exceeds its value may be adverse ecological impact, ERM (Effects Range the Median), the pollutant concentration exceeds its value to adverse ecological impacts, indirect assessment of a mixture of estuarine sediment toxicity.

並列關鍵字

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ； ecological risk assessment ； Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines ； Chemical Fingerprinting

參考文獻

[17] 陳宜清，“生態風險評估之內涵、方法及應用”，大葉學報，第十一卷，第二期，(2002)。

[18] 陳宜清、陳俊宏，“探討於生態風險評估之不確定性”，科學與工程技術期刊，第二卷，第一期，(2006)。

[3] Trang T.T. Dong, B. K. Lee. (2009) “Characteristics, toxicity, and source apportionment of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Ulsan,” Korea. Chemosphere 74 1245–1253.

[4] M. A. Khairy, Marit Kolb, A. R. Mostafa, E. F. Anwar, Mufit Bahadir. (2009) “Risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a Mediterranean semi-enclosed basin affected by human activities (Abu Qir Bay, Egypt),” Journal of Hazardous Materials 170 389–397.

[5] LiliWang, Zhifeng Yang, Junfeng Niu, JingyiWang. (2009) “Characterization, ecological risk assessment and source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water column of the Yellow River Delta, one of the most plenty biodiversity zones in the world,” Journal of Hazardous Materials 169 460–465.