石化業儲槽呼吸閥VOCs洩漏及逸散探討研究

A Study on Hydrocarbon Leaks and Emissions from the Relief Valve of an Oil Tank in Petrochemical Industry

周宏沂(Hung-Yi Chou)

指導教授 ： 陳賢焜

崑山科技大學/工程學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究採用環保署公告NIEA A706「揮發性有機物洩漏測定方法」，利用攜帶式火焰離子偵測器（Flame ionization detector, FID）量測石化業儲槽上呼吸閥揮發性有機物洩漏濃度，計算其揮發性污染物逸散量，藉以暸解呼吸閥揮發性有機污染物洩漏濃度與逸散量之關係，提供另一種儲槽VOCs 逸散量計算思維。本研究於99年10月、11月、12月在某石化廠，以攜帶式FID 儀器進行儲槽呼吸閥VOCs洩漏濃度分析及逸散量估算，研究結果顯示：
檢驗7座輕質氣油及重質氣油固定頂槽各1個至3個呼吸閥閥口，VOC濃度在1279 ~ 5432 ppm as CH4，槽內液位愈低，VOCs濃度有愈高的趨勢，且與儲存溫度（21.6 ~ 70.3 ℃）大致呈正比的趨勢。對7座原油外浮頂槽各55或62個呼吸閥VOCs濃度低至5 ~ 7 ppm as CH4。內浮頂7座輕質汽油儲槽各有25個呼吸閥，其VOCs濃度3 ~ 11800 ppm as CH4，各槽之平均值在266 ~ 3837 ppm as CH4之間，濃度變異與呼吸閥之密封墊片變型漏氣有關，而與液位、液溫及風向之關聯性較小。以環保署公告之儲槽VOC逸散計算方法估算各儲槽之VOC逸散量（LT），固定頂槽之單位逸散量為0.17 ~ 27.94 kg/(1000 m3進料量)，平均值為8.86 kg/(1000 m3進料量)，外浮頂槽之單位逸散量為1.15 ~ 27.73 kg/(1000 m3進料量)，平均值為5.65 kg/(1000 m3進料量)，內浮頂槽之單位逸散量為12.72 ~ 82.54 kg/(1000 m3進料量)，平均值為29.88 kg/(1000 m3進料量)。若以各槽呼吸閥之逸散VOC平均濃度與儲槽進料量之相乘積估算其VOC逸散量（L’），則固定頂槽之單位逸散量為0.91 ~ 3.88 kg/(1000 m3進料量)，平均值為1.95 kg/(1000 m3進料量)，外浮頂槽之單位逸散量為0.004 ~ 0.005 kg/(1000 m3進料量)，平均值為0.004 kg/(1000 m3進料量)，內浮頂槽之單位逸散量為0.19 ~ 2.74 kg/(1000 m3進料量)，平均值為0.78 kg/(1000 m3進料量)；所得之單位逸散量大致低於以環保署公告之儲槽VOC逸散計算方法所得值，但有3個固定頂槽所得之單位逸散量則可達以環保署公告之儲槽VOC逸散計算方法所得值之5~12倍之多。

關鍵字

揮發性有機物 ； 火焰離子偵測器 ； 石化業

並列摘要

The adopt the analytical method announced by environmental protection administration NIEA A706 “Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds Leaks. “A procedure is to employ portable FID to simultaneously measure hydrocarbon emissions from the relief valve of an oil tank in petrochemical industry. Volatile organic compound calculates emissions quantity by environmental protection administration“Stationary Pollution Source Air Pollution Control Fee Rates.” The results of this research would offer domestic relevant database and relevant legislative nomination.
The research result of this study, during October 2010 through December 2010. Among the seven fixed Roof tanks, the minimal concentration of VOCs average value was registered as 1279 ppm as CH4, the highest concentration of VOCs average value was registered as 5432 ppm as CH4, the VOCs concentration in connection with liquid level and storage temperature of tank. In External Floating Roof tanks, the average concentration of VOCs was among
5 – 7 ppm as CH4. Among Internal Floating Roof tanks, the VOCs concentration was 3 – 11800 ppm as CH4, VOCs average value was 266 – 3837 ppm as CH4, the concentration variation with the relief valve sealing gaskets leak, whereas the smaller the relevance of the liquid level, liquid temperature and wind direction.
Use announcement of EPA calculate emissions quantity（LT）, the fixed Roof tanks was 0.17 – 27.94 kg /（1000 m3 feeding quantity）, average of emissions quantity was 8.86 kg /（1000 m3 feeding quantity）; the External Floating Roof tanks was 1.15 – 27.73 kg /（1000 m3 feeding quantity）, average of emissions quantity was 5.65 kg/（1000 m3 feeding quantity）; the Internal Floating Roof tanks was 12.72 – 82.54 kg /（1000 m3 feeding quantity）, average of emissions quantity was 29.88 kg /（1000 m3 feeding quantity）. The relief valve emissioning VOC average concentration and tank feeding quantity of the product to estimate the VOC emissions quantity（L’）, the fixed Roof tanks was 0.91 – 3.88 kg /（1000 m3 feeding quantity）, average of emissions quantity was 1.95 kg /（1000 m3 feeding quantity）; the External Floating Roof tanks was 0.004 – 0.005 kg /（1000 m3 feeding quantity）, average of emissions quantity was 0.004 kg/（1000 m3 feeding quantity）; the Internal Floating Roof tanks was 0.19 – 2.74 kg /（1000 m3 feeding quantity）, average of emissions quantity was 0.78 kg /（1000 m3 feeding quantity）, generally, the L’lower than the LT, but there were three fixed Roof tanks, the L’highter than the LT.

並列關鍵字

drocarbon emissions ； FID ； Petrochemical industry

參考文獻

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