具備容錯機制之ECU與FlexRay線傳控制系統設計

The Design of the ECU with Fault-Tolerant Mechanism and the FlexRay X-by-Wire System

劉耀中(Yao-Jhong Liou)

指導教授 ： 許永和

國立虎尾科技大學/電機資訊學院/資訊工程研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

近年來為了要達到顧客對於車輛的安全與方便等需求，許多電子元件與軟體都已廣泛地運用在車輛網路中。由於在車輛的線傳控制系統中，電子元件與軟體在通訊時，有大量的訊息資料在做傳送，需即時以及準確，且當系統發生問題時能自行修復，且不導致故障發生。因此，對於系統可靠度與安全度的要求相當嚴苛。在此，容錯功能亦突顯其重要性。而FlexRay為新一代的車用通訊控制網路標準，除了解決傳輸速率的不足之外，也加入容錯機制與確定性的傳輸。
本研究採用任務搬遷(Task Migration)概念並加以改良，開發出一種具備容錯機制的節點─容錯FlexRay ECU節點，其中，節點由容錯FlexRay ECU以及容錯協同周邊控制處理器組成，並用此種節點建構出一個FlexRay車載通訊網路，進而完成一套具備容錯機制的FlexRay線傳控制系統之設計。
本研究之容錯機制為全域性(Global)的容錯技術，在整個FlexRay車載通訊網路中，當一FlexRay ECU發生故障時，負責任務分配的ECU節點會將該故障ECU之任務分配給其他正常的ECU節點，通訊排程也將被重新安排，最後搭配車輛模擬軟體CarSim做模擬測試，以驗證系統之完整性。

關鍵字

ECU ； FlexRay ； 容錯 ； 線傳控制 ； Task Migration

並列摘要

Recently, to achieve the safety and convenience of vehicles, many electronic components and software are used in the automotive network. In the automotive X-by-Wire system, it needs fast and accurate for data transmitting between electronic components and software, and the system won’t cause a fault by self-fixing when the trouble occurs. Thus, the reliability and safety for system requirements are quite demanding, and the importance of fault-tolerance is also significant. FlexRay is a new automotive communication control network standard, it upgrades the transmission rate, also adds in fault-tolerant mechanism and deterministic transmission.
This study uses the concept of Task Migration to develope a node ─ the FlexRay ECU node with fault-tolerant mechanism which is consists of the fault-tolerant FlexRay ECU and the fault-tolerant peripheral coprocessor, and uses the node to construct a FlexRay communication network with fault-tolerant mechanism to complete the X-by-Wire system.
The technique of the fault-tolerant mechanism in this study is domain-wide (Global), the MUX node will assign the tasks from the failed ECU to the other normal ECU while a FlexRay ECU fails in the communication network, and the communication schedule will be rearranged. This study uses CarSim to construct simulated tests for verifying the integrity of the system.

並列關鍵字

ECU ； FlexRay ； Fault-Tolerance ； X-by-Wire

參考文獻

[1]D. Jianmin et al., 2009, “Research on FlexRay communication of Steering-by-Wire system”, 2009 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 824-828, June.

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[5]Fei Ren, et al. 2007, “Effects of Electromagnetic interference on Control Area Network performance,” 2007 IEEE Region 5 Technical Conference Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 199-204, April.

[6]T. Karnik et al., 2004, “Characterization of soft errors caused by single event upsets in CMOS processes”, IEEE Trans. on Dependable and Secure Computing, Vol. 1, No. 2, 128-143, April-June.