種子經木黴菌披衣處理對甘藍生長與病 害防治之影響

Influence of Seed Coating Treated by Trichoderma spp. on The Seedling Growth and Disease Incidence of Cabbage

林美芳(Mei-Fang Lin)

指導教授 ： 羅朝村

國立虎尾科技大學/文理學院/生物科技研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

危害甘藍苗期的主要病原菌，計有立枯絲核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）、腐霉菌（Pythium aphanidermatum）等，常可造成甘藍幼苗猝倒、萎凋與死亡的病徵。因此本研究主要在探討木黴菌菌株披衣處理甘藍種子後對於種子發芽、生長與苗期病害防治之影響。本試驗主要利用甲基纖維素（methyl cellulose）作為黏著披衣劑、矽藻土作為披衣物質及木黴菌孢子做為保護劑等來進行甘藍種子披衣處理，探討其對種子發芽之影響，並利用在培養皿及溫室之生物檢測試驗，來觀察木黴菌菌株防阻病原菌危害種子之效果。從儲存較久之種子發芽試驗之結果顯示，利用Trichoderma virens LN-PA R4-2披衣處理甘藍種子之種子發芽率為75%；Trichoderma harzianum ET S3-2-3披衣處理之種子發芽率為68%，而對照組發芽率為55%，似乎顯示木黴菌有提升老化種子發芽率的效果。從平板對峙試驗中，亦顯示木黴菌菌株T. virens LN-PA R4-2及T. harzianum ET S3-2-3可以有效抑制病原菌R. solani AG-4及P. aphanidermatum的生長。經過披衣處理之甘藍種子，於培養基平板上之測試，顯示木黴菌亦可減少甘藍幼苗猝倒病之發生率。溫室試驗之結果亦證實，木黴菌T. virens LN-PA R4-2及T. harzianum ET S3-2-3可以有效防治甘藍苗期R.solani AG-4及P. aphanidermatum所引起之病害。因此透過種子披衣未來應可利用於替代作物病害之化學防治。

關鍵字

木黴菌 ； 種子披衣處理 ； 立枯絲核菌 ； 腐霉病

並列摘要

Damping-off is one of the most serious diseases of cabbage seedlings in Taiwan. The disease was caused by two common soilborne pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. The infected seedlings of cabbage could be killed either before or after emerging from the soil. The common symptoms were cankers, brown lesions on stems, or root rot on roots if they can still survive. Therefore, this research tried to study on the effect of seed coating treated by Trichoderma spp. on seed germination, seedling growth and disease incidence of cabbage. The cabbage seeds were coated by using mixture of methyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose as the adhesives, diatomaceous soil as the filler and the spore of Trichoderma spp. as protectant The seed germination, plant growth and disease incidence were detected by bioassay with Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum in plate medium and greenhouse. The results indicated that Trichoderma spp. could enhance the germination rate in aging seeds of cabbage. The germination rates for untreated seeds, and treated seperatively with Trichoderma virens LN-PA R4-2 and Trichoderma harzianum ET S3-2-3 were 55%, 75% and 68%, respectively. For the dural tests, the result showed that T. virens LN- PA R4-2 and T. harzianum ET S3-2-3 could inhibit seperatively the mycelial growth of R. solani AG-4 and P. aphanidermatum. Furthermore, for plate assay, the results showed that cabbage seeds coated by Trichoderma spp. could reduce considerably the disease incidence of damping-off. In green house test, the results also confirmed that cabbage seeds coated with T. virens LN- PA R4-2 and T. harzianum ET S3-2-3 could significantly reduce the damping-off disease in seeding stage. To get together, the treatment of seed coating of cabbage using by Trichoderma strains as protectant can be used as an alternative method for chemical control of plant diseases.

並列關鍵字

Trichoderma spp. ； seed coating trentment ； Rhizoctonia solani ； Pythium aphanidermatum

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