高週波感應硬化參數、前熱處理狀態及淬火介質對數種所選的鋼料表面硬化特性之影響

本研究對JIS-S45C、JIS-SCM440與JIS-SUJ2三種經不同前熱處理狀態鋼料試樣，以不同淬火介質實施高週波感應表面硬化處理。藉由一系列實驗以了解高週波應硬化參數(高週波輸入功率、線圈移動速度)、前熱處理狀態(正常化、調質處理)與淬火介質(水、5%PVP高分子淬火液)對鋼料硬度分佈、硬化深度、顯微組織、淬火變形量與磨耗性質之影響。實驗結果顯示，提高高週波輸入功率或降低線圈移動速度會增加三種鋼料試樣高週波感應硬化之硬化深度，亦可提高JIS-SUJ2表面硬度約HV20~180，但對JIS-S45C及JIS-SCM440之表面硬度較無影響。隨著硬化深度(硬度值大於HV550)的增加，高週波感應硬化鋼料試樣之淬火變形量增加，但可得到較佳之耐磨耗性。相對於正常化處理(JIS-SUJ2為原球化材)，經調質處理之JIS-S45C及JIS-SUJ2鋼料感應淬火後，其表面硬度與硬化深度皆有增加(JIS-S45C增加HV20~30而JIS-SUJ2增加HV110~290；兩者硬化深度增加0.2mm~0.5mm)；淬火變形量亦增加，但耐磨耗性提高。於參數85kW-30mm/s下JIS-S45C磨耗磨損量減少0.6mg；而於參數90kW-30mm/s時JIS-SUJ2磨耗磨損量減少0.17mg。兩種前熱處理狀態之JIS-SCM440高週波感應硬化後，表面硬度與硬化深度無明顯差異，淬火變形量也極為相近；但是，經調質處理者耐磨耗性較佳，於參數85kW-30mm/s下其磨耗磨損量減少6.6mg。以5%PVP取代水為淬火介質進行高週波感應硬化對三種鋼料試樣之表面硬度、硬化深度及耐磨耗性沒有明顯影響；對JIS-SUJ2之淬火變形量(單位長度最大偏轉量)有明顯改善，球化材改善約27~44%，調質處理者改善約32~40%；對其餘兩鋼種則無明顯改善。降低輸入功率或提高線圈移動速度時，除JIS-SUJ2經調質處理感應淬火試樣外，其餘試樣表層皆有肥粒鐵組織。提高輸入功率或降低高線圈移動速度時肥粒鐵明顯減少，距離表層較遠位置肥粒鐵組織開始增加；線圈移動速度較慢者其過渡層較寬，且可觀察到原始組織大量出現。由顯微鏡可觀察到，三種鋼料試樣僅有調質處理JIS-SUJ2經高週波感應硬化表層無肥粒鐵組織。由X光繞射分析得知調質處理JIS-SUJ2試樣經高週波感應硬化主要繞射峰為麻田散鐵；其餘鋼料試樣主要繞射峰為麻田散鐵與肥粒鐵，三種鋼料試樣經高週波感應硬化後並無殘留沃斯田鐵相的存在。

關鍵字

高週波感應表面硬化處理；高週波輸入功率；線圈移動速度；調質處理；淬火變形量；耐磨耗性

並列摘要

In this study, JIS-S45C, JIS-SCM440 and JIS-SUJ2 steels which were pre-heat treated with different conditions were conducted high frequency induction surface hardening by using different quenching mediums. The objective of this study was to clarify the effect of high frequency induction hardening parameters (input power, motion velocity of the coil), pre-heat treating conditions (normalizing, thermal refining) and quenching mediums (water, 5%PVP polymer quenchant) on the distribution of hardness, hardening depth, microstructures, quenching distortion and wear resistance by a series of experiments. The experimental results show that as the input power is increased or the motion velocity of the coil is reduced, the hardening depth of all steels specimens through the high frequency induction hardening will increase; and will also increase the surface hardness of JIS-SUJ2, it was increased about HV20~HV180, but it will not significantly affect the surface hardness of JIS-S45C and JIS-SCM440. With increasing depth of hardening (the hardness which is more than HV550), the quenching distortion of induction hardened steels specimens will be increased, but the wear resistance of steels specimens will be better. Comparing with the normalizing (JIS-SUJ2 is as-spheroidized steel), the JIS-S45C and JIS-SUJ2 steels specimens which were thermal refined will obtain the higher surface hardness and hardening depth through the high frequency induction hardening (the surface hardness of JIS-S45C was increased about HV20~30, JIS-SUJ2 was increased about HV110~290, and the hardening depth of both steels specimens was increased about 0.2mm~0.5mm). Either the quenching distortion or the wear resistance of both steels specimens will be increased. The wear weight loss of JIS-S45C was reduced 0.6mg under parameter of 85kW-30mm/s and JIS-SUJ2 was reduced 0.17mg under parameter of 90kW-25mm/s. The JIS-SCM440 steels specimens with two different pre-heat treatment conditions show have no significant differences in surface hardness, hardening depth and quenching distortion after high frequency induction hardening, but the JIS-SCM440 which was thermal refined has the better wear resistance, the wear weight loss was reduced 6.6mg under parameter of 85kW-30mm/s. By using 5% PVP polymer quenchant to replace water as a quenching medium for three kinds of steels, it has no effect on their surface hardness, hardening depth and wear resistance; it will only improve the quenching distortion (maximum deflection of unit length) of JIS-SUJ2 steel, the quenching distortion of as-spheroidized steel was improved about 27~44% and thermal refined steel was improved about 32~40%, but it has no distinct improvement for the others. The surface layers of all steels specimens through the high frequency induction hardening, except for the JIS-SUJ2 which was thermal refined, have ferrite microstructure by reducing the input power or increasing the motion velocity of the coil, but the ferrite will significantly decrease by increasing input power or reducing the motion velocity of the coil. The amount of ferrite microstructure will be increased with the distance farther from the surface of the specimen; the transition zone will be widened as the motion velocity of the coil reduces, and considerable quantity of original microstructures at transition zone will appear. Only JIS-SUJ2 steel specimen which was thermal refined hasn’t ferrite microstructure from optical microscope observation in the three kinds of steels specimens through the high frequency induction hardening. The major diffraction peak of JIS-SUJ2 steel specimen which was thermal refined is martensite by X-ray diffraction analysis; and the diffraction peaks of the others steels specimens are martensite and ferrite, all of the three kinds of steels specimens through the high frequency induction hardening have not retained austenite.

並列關鍵字

high frequency induction surface hardening ； input power ； motion velocity of the coil ； thermal refining ； quenching distortion ； wear resistance.

參考文獻

[23]王思凱，“中碳鋼S45C感應熱處理製程之研究”，國立台北科技大學材料科學與工程研究所碩士論文，(2010)。

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高週波感應硬化參數、前熱處理狀態及淬火介質對數種所選的鋼料表面硬化特性之影響

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