汽車引擎潤滑油性能測試

本研究主要是探討將齒輪油加入引擎內否可以達到與機油相同的潤滑效果，實驗測試內容為汽車引擎內加入齒輪油，之後進行實車路跑測試，且每一萬公里時進行引擎潤滑油性能測試，了解潤滑油性能狀況，期望可減少汽車機油使用，進而達到環保省能的效果。因此，為觀察汽車引擎潤滑油性能狀況,在長途行駛狀態下,不更換引擎機油(僅在水位不足時添加),於每行駛一萬公里時進行引擎潤滑油取樣檢驗,並分析潤滑油性能情況,了解長距離行駛狀態下，僅進行潤滑油添加的行車情況及平均油耗，最後並於達到行駛十萬公里時，分析汽缸磨耗進行引擎細部拆解、清洗、零件磨耗之量測記錄與觀察。實驗結果顯示：一、油耗分析表顯示，實驗期間整體平均油耗為11.5km/L。本實驗測試油品為齒輪油級別為80W/90黏度係數類似機油15W/40。二、引擎內油汙、雜質過多，已造成部分機件磨耗。例如機油濾清器不良、機油氧化、軸承波司損傷、機油添加劑衰退、造成活塞油環咬死。三、油品黏度太高，潤滑效果不佳。齒輪油未能短時間被運送至零組件，因此會加大啟動時所受磨損，低溫起動將變得困難，清洗作用及冷卻散熱作用變差，功率損失導致燃油消耗增大。四、實驗車測試結果齒輪油當成潤滑使用是可行的，且宜定期或定里程檢查更換，建議一般中古汽車車主應可於每1-2萬公里之前後進行機油更換，不致影響及引擎組件。

關鍵字

機油；黏度；磨耗

並列摘要

To investigate whether multi-level gear oil can be achieved with the same lubricating effect of engine oil, multi-level gear oil was added to the gasoline engine in a vehicle. Experimental tests followed by actual vehicle road race. The engine oil performance was checked by every ten-thousand kilometers for respecting to reduce the fare of engine oil and to serve the energy for earth friendly. In order to observe the condition of the engine lubricant performance, without replacing the engine oil (add only at low level). Engine oil sampling and testing was carried out in every ten thousand kilometers when a long-distance running state. Lubricate performance was inspected in a long distance running, and average fuel consumption was also analyzed. and finally in reach with one hundred thousand kilometers, The engine was detailed disassembled, cleaned, measured, and the wear of components of the engine was recorded and observed when the vehicle runs to 100,000 kilometers. The results show that: 1) Overall average fuel consumption was 11.5km/l. 2) Impurities in the engine have caused the wear of parts of the engine. 3) The oil viscosity is too high, poor lubrication will be happened. 4) Generally, engine oil change should be carried out at about every 20,000 kilometers to avoid not affecting the wear of engine components.