車輛OBDII個人電腦診斷系統的製作

Development of a PC-based OBDII Diagnostic System for Vehicles

謝明傑(Ming-Jie Xie)

國立虎尾科技大學/工程學院/動力機械工程研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

摘 要 OBD II 是On-Board Diagnostic II 的簡稱，是一種建構在現今車輛引 擎電腦裡共通的訊息碼及連結方式，主要的功能在於診斷方面。隨著車 輛網路系統的日益精進，發展至今漸漸趨向於使用CAN(Controller Area Network)以及LIN(Local Interconnect Network)網路系統，來將引擎系統 與車上其他包括傳動、底盤，車身及駕駛安全系統等結合，可以互相溝 通及分享訊息，使其除了原本診斷功能外，更可以擴充至控制及駕駛安 全等功能。然而即使在通訊協定硬體架構的更新及改良下，車輛診斷的 訊息內容及故障碼方面，大致上還是沿用或參考OBD II 的標準規範。 本論文主要就是在發展一套OBD II 個人電腦診斷系統，此系統主要 有一個OBD II 通訊介面以及故障診斷程式。前者可與特定的OBD II 引 擎電腦作溝通，其中實體層及資料鏈結層是依據ISO 9141 及9141-2 的 規範；應用層則是依據SAE-J1979；故障碼則依照SAE-J2012，而且可 利用RS-232 通訊方式與個人電腦連結。在電腦上，用來收發及判讀訊 息的程式是由Visual C++寫成的，利用它取得引擎在運轉狀態下之相關 數據以及故障碼，並進一步利用模糊理論建構一套智慧型檢診系統，未 來只要利用此架構，建立各特定車種的故障模糊關係矩陣，將可成為車 輛維修人員有用的工具。

並列摘要

Abstract
OBD II (On-Board Diagnostics II) is a standard message codes and
communication method commonly used in the engine computers of the
present vehicles. Its main function is for diagnostic.
As the vehicle network system become more sophisticated and advanced,
CAN (Controller Area Network) and LIN (Local Interconnect Network)
have become the common systems for the engine system to communicate
and share information with the other system such as transmission, chassis,
car body and safety system.
Furthermore, their functions have been extended and include diagnostics
as well as control and safety etc. However, even though the hardware
structure of communication protocol. Keep renovating and improving, the
corresponding message contents and fault codes are still based on the
standard protocol of OBD II.
This thesis presents an OBD II PC-based diagnostic system for vehicle
comprised of an OBD II communication interface and a fault diagnostic
program. The former is allowed to communication with some specific type
of OBD II engine computers whose physical layer and data link layer are
constructed according to ISO 9141 and 9141-2; whose application layer is
built based on SAE-J1979; whose fault codes are written by SAE-J2012;
whose communication with PC is through RS-232. The latter program used
for transmitting receiving and interpreting messages is written in Visual C++.
Using this system, the related data and fault codes of the engine in running
mode can be obtained. Furthermore, the fuzzy theory is applied to construct
an intelligent diagnostic algorithm for this system.
Therefore, the specific fuzzy relation matrix of faults for each vehicle
can be established using this algorithm. It is highly expected that the
proposed system will be an useful tool for vehicle repairmen.

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