生物外觀顏色探微

Micro-profile for the Appearance Colors from Organisms

張麗玟(Li-Wen Chang)

指導教授 ： 周文敏

國立虎尾科技大學/文理學院/生物科技研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本論文主要根據物理原理，如薄膜干涉、多層干涉、繞射光柵效應、光子晶體和光散射現象，來探討自然界中動物外表顏色改變的原因，其中像蝴蝶翅膀、孔雀羽毛、甲蟲外殼、魚的鱗片、珍珠和鮑魚殼的溝槽等顏色的改變是由結構造成。結構顏色是動物外表的奈米尺度與光相互作用而產生的顏色變化。此外，頭足類如魷魚、墨魚、章魚等其表層色素細胞內之彈性囊變形時，會造成皮膚乳突產生變化，進而形成各種不同偽裝圖案。而爬蟲類如變色龍、蜥蜴等其外表顏色的改變，係利用多層次的垂直色素細胞的收縮與膨脹而形成。本論文從微觀結構探討生物外表的顏色變化，啟迪大眾科學素養和興趣，並在科學教育上提供大眾創新思維。

關鍵字

結構顏色 ； 仿生 ； 色素細胞 ； 干涉 ； 虹彩

並列摘要

Color change is surprising in the animal kingdom. Instead of our trichromatic visual system, some of insects and animals can see more colors since they possess five photoreceptors. In this thesis, we discussed the reasons for the color changes of appearance on animals and insects that include the structural color of butterfly wings, peacock feathers, beetle exocuticles, fish scales, and pearl groove in nature mainly by physical principles such as thin-film interference, multilayer interference, diffraction grating effect, photonic crystals, and light scattering. Structural color is produced by the interaction between light and nano-scale structure of animal. In addition, on cephalopods (squid, cuttlefish, octopus) of elastic sacs of pigment cell changes, papillae of skin can change, can produce a variety of body patterns for camouflage. In reptiles (Chameleon, lizard), epidermis using different levels of solid pigment cells contract or expand to produce a variety of colors present on their bodies. Basically speaking, the color changes of some natural animals were investigated in this study. The purpose of this thesis is not only to inspire the popular science concepts and interesting for people, but also to provide a creative thinking in science education for people.

並列關鍵字

structural color ； biomimetics ； chromatophore ； interference ； iridescence

參考文獻

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[4] S. M. Doucet and M. G. Meadows, 2009, “Iridescence: a functional perspective”, Journal of the Royal Society Interface, Vol. 6, pp.S115-S132.

[5] L. Rayleigh, 1930, “The Iridescent Colours of Birds and Insects”, Proceedings The Royal of Society Lond. A, Vol. 128, pp.624-641.