- 學位論文
環境不確定性與製造彈性需求之研究 --以食品公司冷藏飲料線為例
A research into the needs of manufacture flexibility under the uncertain environment – An example of drink product line in the food company
摘要
在多元化的市場競爭中，消費者對產品的要求變得多樣化與創新，使得產品的生命週期逐漸縮短，市場的競爭愈顯激烈，所以企業在面對顧客這些需求時，研發時程必需縮短，製造過程必需具備彈性，推出新產品必需快速，所以彈性是企業迅速回應環境不確定性變化之能力，更是企業競爭力的重要指標。為瞭解環境因素對製造彈性影響程度，本研究以W食品公司冷藏飲料生產線實際資料進行評估，先以品質機能展開法（Quality Function Deployment, QFD），分析製造彈性種類相關聯性並求得權重，再以層級分析程序法（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP）針對內外部環境不確定因素，進行成對比較求得權重並排序，再運用灰關聯分析法(Grey Relational Analysis, GRA)，分析環境不確定因素和製造彈性的關聯係數。最後再以品質屋模式計算各部分權重，求得製造彈性的權重及優先順序。研究結果顯示W食品公司在環境不確定因素中對「消費者產品需求」和「競爭者策略變動」的權重最高，可作為製造策略重點，在整體環境不確定因素影響下，對製造彈性之需求以「生產彈性」、「產量彈性」、「市場彈性」權重最高，證實企業在面對環境變化下，對生產流程具備彈性、產量能少量多樣生產、產品能符合市場的需求，才能永續經營。 關鍵字： 製造彈性、品質機能展開、層級分析程序、灰關聯分析法、品質屋
並列摘要
In the era of multiple market competitions, consumers demand higher diversity and innovativeness of products. As a result, product life cycles have gradually become shorter, and market competitions have become more and more intense. To cope with these customer demands, enterprises need to shorten their product development time, enhance manufacture flexibility, and release new products at a faster pace. Flexibility is an ability to react to uncertain changes of the environment and also an important index of corporate competitiveness. To understand the effect of environmental factors on manufacture flexibility, this study used a cold drinks production line of W Food Company as an example. Based on Quality Function Development (QFD), it first analyzed the correlations among manufacture flexibility types and obtained the weight of each type. Later, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to make pair comparison of uncertain environmental factors, both internal and external, to weight and rank each of these factors. The relationships between uncertain environmental factors and manufacture flexibility types were estimated using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). Finally, through the House of Quality, the weight and importance ranking of each manufacture flexibility type was estimated. The results showed that among the uncertain environmental factors, “consumer’s product demand” and “competitor’s change of strategies” were given the highest weights, which could be the focuses of W Food Company’s manufacturing strategies. Under the impact of the uncertain environmental factors, “production flexibility”, “volume flexibility”, and “market flexibility” were given higher weights, indicating that enterprises need to have flexible production processes, provide high-mix low-volume production, and produce products that comply with market demands, so as to obtain sustainable development amid constant changes of the environment. Keywords: Manufacture Flexibility, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), The House of Quality