碳纖維PLA複合材料於3D列印熔融沉積技術之製程研究

A Study of PLA/Carbon Fiber Composite for Fused Deposition Modeling Process

姜喆崴(Che-Wei Chiang)

指導教授 ： 李炤佑

國立虎尾科技大學/工程學院/材料科學與工程系材料科學與綠色能源工程碩士班/碩士(2017年)

摘要

3D列印技術近年來被業界廣泛使用，也被視為工業界先進的技術之一，本研究選擇3D列印成型技術中使用最為普遍的熔融沉積技術(Fused Deposition Modeling，FDM)，並使用自組的3D列印機台，有別於一般市售機台，添加了振動馬達，使底板產生振動的效果。選用線材為聚乳酸(Polylactide，PLA)和碳纖維(Carbon Fiber)形成的複合材料 - 碳纖維聚乳酸(Carbon Fiber PLA，CF-PLA)。
將試片列印成符合拉伸試驗規範，並針對列印時擠出頭作業溫度、熱床加熱溫度以及底板是否振動來進行比較。擠出頭作業溫度分別為190℃、200℃以及210℃，熱床加熱溫度分別為常溫25℃、40℃以及55℃，研究在不同參數下透過拉伸試驗對試片機械強度進行測量與分析，並對拉伸斷面進行微觀結構之觀察以及晶體結構之分析。
本研究實驗結果發現，結晶相並未隨著調整擠出頭以及熱床溫度而改變。在改變底板振動的實驗中，列印過程中在底板有施加振動的試片，經拉伸試驗分析後所得到的應力應變圖中觀察到應變量較未施加振動的試片由原本的3%增加為4%，抗拉強度也隨著底板添加振動後而有增加的趨勢，表示試片列印時添加底板振動使試片斷裂前承受的拉應力增加。
在改變擠出頭溫度以及熱床溫度的實驗中發現，擠出頭作業溫度為210℃時，微觀結構觀察下，層與層堆疊的情形相較於擠出頭在低溫且無施加振動時要來的均勻且緻密許多。

關鍵字

3D列印 ； 積層製造 ； 碳纖維 ； 振動 ； 熔融沉積成型

並列摘要

3D printing technology has been widely used in recent years, it is regarded as one of the advanced technology in industry. The Fused Deposition Modeling technique used in this study is the most common method of 3D printing technology. The 3D printer is self-assembled unlike other general products. The experiment equipment added an extra motor to make the heatbed vibration. The filament selected is polylactic acid and carbon fiber composite material - carbon fiber polylactic acid.
Print the specimen to conform to the tensile test specification. And for the nozzle operating temperature, heatbed heating temperature and whether the heatbed vibration to compare. The nozzle operating temperatures were 190℃, 200℃ and 210℃ respectively, heat bed heating temperature at room temperature, 40℃ and 55℃. In different parameters, the mechanical strength of the specimen was measured and analyzed by using tensile test. The research observed the tensile structure of the microstructure, and then analyzed the crystal structure.
The experimental results show that the crystalline phase does not change with the nozzle temperature and heatbed temperature change. In the experiment to change the vibration of the heatbed, the ductility increased from 3% to 4% in the specimen with vibrations applied. Tensile strength also increases, indicating that the stress on the specimen is increased. From the stress-strain curve, it can be seen that the strain of the specimen with vibration is larger than that of the specimen without vibration.
In the experiment to change the nozzle temperature and the temperature of the heatbed, it was found that under the observation of the microstructure, when the nozzle operating temperature was 210℃, the stacking of the layer and the layer was more uniform and dense than the nozzle at low temperature without vibration.

並列關鍵字

3D Printing ； Additive Manufacturing ； Carbon Fiber ； Vibration ； Fused Deposition Modeling

參考文獻

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