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  • 學位論文

UAV自主飛行系統的設計、實現與應用

Development, Implementation and Application of UAV Autopilot Systems

指導教授 : 林煥榮
共同指導教授 : 呂文祺(Wen-Chi Lu)
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摘要


本論文主要研究與發展無人飛機(UAV;Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)的自主飛行系統,並具有自動駕駛、姿態估測、CAN Bus 通訊網路、多機導控和即時資料儲存之功能。 本研究以兩個 16 位元單晶片之 master-slave 架構嵌入式系統實現自主飛行電腦,依照命令需求,維持 UAV 的飛行高度、速度、姿態與位置。而姿態估測系統,以一32 位元80MHz 的單晶片整合三軸加速度計、陀螺儀與磁力計,並將感測器資料以擴展式卡爾曼濾波器(EKF)進行資訊更新與融合,即時估測 UAV 飛行姿態。 除此之外,本研究使用CAN Bus通訊網路連接自主飛行的航電系統,輕易擴充各種任務酬載,CAN Bus 具有高可靠性、高抗干擾性與配線簡單等優點。同時,飛行電腦透過檔案儲存符合 FAT16 規範的 MicroSD 記憶卡,即時儲存各種飛行資料,並於 UAV 回到地面之後,在 Windows 環境下回放飛行資料。 在完成驗證自主飛行系統的功能與穩定性之後,本研究進一步應用到 UAV 的多機導控,在 UAV 通訊鍊封包導入識別碼,每台 UAV 都有專屬的識別碼,地面站依識別碼的不同與多架 UAV 進行資料通訊,並分派個別的飛行任務。 除此之外,進一步驗證和應用此自主飛行系統搭載大氣酬載,量測高空中空氣的壓力、溫度、濕度、O3 和 CO2 的濃度,進行大氣科學研究或空氣品質監控。

並列摘要


The purpose of this paper is to develop a Autonomous-flight system of UAV, its works included theses designs of autopilot, attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), CAN bus network, Multi-UAV autopilot and, flight data recorder. The autopilot was implemented by adopting master-slaves system embedded-system composed by two 16-bit single chips. It can manage the altitude, airspeed, attitude, and location of UAV to follow the flight command. About AHRS, a 32-bit signal chip samples 3-axises accelerometers, 3-axises gyroscopes and 3-axises magnetometers to sense the movement of UAV, then it use an extended Kalman Filter algorithms to refresh and fusion these sensors datu for the real-time attitude estimation of UAV. Besides, this thesis adopted CAN bus network for the avionic systems communication, it has the advantage such as high capability, high anti-noising and easy to wire to other kinds of equipment, like the mission payloads, and so on Meanwhile. Flight computer stored flight data in MicroSD card which follow the standard of FAT16 format, then these stored flight data can be re-played in PC after UAV was landing windows system after UAV back on the earth. After the function and reliability verification of autopilot, this thesis applied autonomous flight system to the Multi-UAV further, where this thesis added the identity code into the communication package for each UAV, UAV has itself identity code, then the Ground Control Station recognizes, communicates with, and assigns mission to UAV via each UAV’s identity code. On other hand, this thesis also applied the autonomous flight system for the research of atmosphere. Where UAV carried the air payload to measure the temperature, humidity and pressure of atmosphere, and also sensed the consistency of CO2 and O3 in the sky.

並列關鍵字

UAV, Autonomous-flight system

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


陳政旗(2010)。UAV多機架構導控地面站設計與實現〔碩士論文,國立虎尾科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0028-2806201014172800

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