無線感測網路應用層叢集式網路架構之系統研製與性能分析

System Development and Performance Analysis of Cluster-based Networking Architecture on Application Layer of ZigBee Sensor Network

馮晨輔(Chen-Fu Feng)

指導教授 ： 宋朝宗

國立虎尾科技大學/工程學院/航空與電子科技研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6827/NFU.2010.00107

摘要

近年來無線感測網路的研究與應用越來越盛行，而ZigBee系統主要是針對無線感測網路之應用所制訂的系統協定。ZigBee無線網路具有低耗電、低成本與靈活性等系統架構與應用特性，使得ZigBee系統成為新穎的無線感測標準與技術。因此，ZigBee網路系統愈來愈受到許多廠商的重視，陸續開發家庭、工業以及醫療等方面的相關應用。本論文著重於ZigBee網路協定層的探討與實驗，首先分析與探討ZigBee協定的應用層，並進行開發ZigBee無線感測網路的系統平台，設計及建構一套以應用層叢集式為基礎之無線感測網路系統；本論文亦針對ZigBee應用層提供的Binding連結功能進行研發及探討，透過分析與設計網路連結的方式，採用Plug-and-Play(PnP)的概念應用於ZigBee網路系統，以實現遍佈式的無線感測網路系統。而且本論文藉由應用層ClusterID的管理，實現及控制ZigBee的動態網路系統，並且利用自動plug in/out的機制，使得感測節點於ZigBee無線感測網路中，更容易被佈署與達成網路連線。進一步，本論文使用NS2模擬軟體進行ZigBee網路層的探討，透過不同網路拓樸的進行模擬測試，以分析與探討ZigBee無線網路的傳輸性能。最後利用Inter-PAN的概念開發網路故障偵測與重新配置機制，增加資料的傳輸可靠度。另外，本論文使用Texas Instrument (TI)的開發套件，透過CC2430 IC實現ZigBee的協定架構，以開發ZigBee網路中各種功能的裝置，進而利用各種實驗進行資料封包的分析，以瞭解ZigBee網路中無線通訊的封包格式，其中特別深入探討與研究Binding通訊方式，以開發應用層的各種參數與資訊達成Plug-and-play的功能，並建構ZigBee無線感測網路系統，利用感測節點執行應用功能，經由Router管理網路路徑，而由Coordinator與Gateway的功能建立網路管理與監控系統，以整合完成一套應用層叢集式無線網路系統。最後本論文實現此套ZigBee無線感測平台，以模擬的方式架構一套智慧型防災預警系統，應用於災害預警、緊急回報與監控系統方面，此系統平台整合叢集式ZigBee無線感測網路、異質閘道和LAN網路，進而展現與評估此無線感測網路平台之可行性與系統性能。

關鍵字

ZigBee感測網路 ； 叢集式網路系統 ； 應用層 ； 隨插即用(plug-and-play) ； 防災預警系統

並列摘要

In recent years, ZigBee system being a novel standard and technique for wireless radio networks is widespread discussed. Essentially, ZigBee is flexible and extendable network that possesses the many characteristics and advantages such as low-cost, low data rate, as well as low-power. In this paper, a cluster-based networking system is analyzed and implemented on the application layer of ZigBee sensor networks. We focus on studying the binding connection methods on the application layer to implement the universal plug-and-play (PnP) capability for the ZigBee networks. The proposed architecture provides a cluster-based and plug-and-play communication functions to dynamically and automatically plug in/out the ZigBee devices over the wireless sensor networks. Moreover, the CC2430 development kit of Texas Instrument (TI) is used to develop the ZigBee devices. In this study, through the variety of experiments to analyze and evaluate the binding methods and data packets of application layer communication on ZigBee network, the profile cluster IDs of the application layer are applied to build up a specific ZigBee sensor networks with pug-and-play function. The integrated system forms the cluster-based networking architecture which consists of coordinators with gateway to host computer, local management routers, and end devices with specific task. Finally, the proposed wireless sensor system platform is demonstrated by simulate and implement an application scenario for disaster warning and emergency response system within the buildings. Furthermore, the integration system platform is constructed by integrating the cluster-based Zigbee sensor network, heterogeneous gateway and LAN internet to illustrate and evaluate the feasibility and performance of the proposed architecture for wireless sensor systems.

並列關鍵字

ZigBee Sensor Network ； cluster-based networking system ； application layer ； plug-and-play ； disaster warning and emergency response system

參考文獻

[17]宋天文、楊竹星, 縮減ZigBee無線感測網路孤立節點之延伸連結機制, 國立中山大學, 工程科技與教育學刊, 2008年九月, pp. 343-360。

[1]Dharma Prakash Agrawal and Qing-An Zeng, Introduction to WIRELESS and MOBILE SYSTEMS, Thomson, Inc., 2003.

[2]Anna Hac, WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK DESIGNS, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003.

[3]Alan Gatherer and Edgar Auslander, The Application of Programmable DSPs in Mobile Communications, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002.

[4]Alice Wang and Anantha Chandrakasan,“Energy-efficient DSPs for Wireless Sensor Networks,”IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Volume 19, Issue 4, Jul, 2002, pp. 68-78.