- 學位論文
運用FAHP與DEMATEL結合GTMA於新產品開發複雜性之評估
Using FAHP, DEMATEL and GTMA to an Evaluation of New Product Development Complexity
摘要
成功地開發新產品是企業生存與獲利的基礎，但是企業也正面臨市場需求變化快速與顧客選擇高度變異的環境，所以新產品研發必須有效管理，以滿足市場需求。由於開發新產品的成功率相對較低，因為新產品開發的過程中充滿許多的複雜性因素，若能有效的控管複雜性因素，新產品開發的成功率就可大為提升。如何將新產品開發複雜性做有效管理，以提高開發成功率，降低不必要的成本花費，是新產品開發人員與決策者必須加以重視之議題。複雜性的特性具有：(1)眾多的因素；(2)不確定性；(3)非線性交互作用關係。本研究以新產品開發複雜性的特性之一“不確定性”做為基礎，以確立複雜性研究之構面與準則，進而探討其交互作用影響程度和計算新產品開發的複雜性程度。 本研究定義新產品開發複雜性之不確定性構面為：供應的不確定性、需求的不確定性、組織的不確定性、競爭的不確定性、配銷的不確定性、生產技術的不確定性、外在環境的不確定性等七個構面，其中包含三十五項不確定性準則。並以一家工業機械公司作為評估對象。本研究運用模糊層級分析法，計算其構面與準則的權重值和產品的評估值，再運用決策實驗室分析法判別構面與準則之交互作用影響關係，最後，運用圖論與矩陣法計算新產品開發的複雜性程度，依據複雜性程度高低做排序，提供決策管理者做開發時的參考。 運用模糊層級分析法計算的結果可以得知，供應的不確定性與生產技術的不確定性權重值高過於其他構面，代表這兩項不確定性是工業機械最為重視的兩個不確定性構面。決策實驗室的計算結果顯示，生產技術的不確定性構面影響最為顯著，其權重值雖小於供應的不確定性，但其影響程度卻相對越高。圖論與矩陣法計算複雜性的結果為CNC電腦沖床＞旋臂鑽床＞堆高機，此結果提供給決策管理者作為開發時的參考。
並列摘要
Successful new products development is regarded as the basis of enterprises surviving and making profits. Nevertheless, in face of the rapid change of market demands and customer choices, the research and development of new products requires effective management to meet the needs of the market. With relatively low success ratio of new products development, a lot of complexities appear in the process of new products development. Effective control of complexity is therefore essential to promote the success. The effective management of new products development complexity to enhance the success rate and reduce unnecessary cost is a key issue for new products developers and decision makers. Complexity presents the characteristics of (1) Numerous factors, (2) Uncertainty, and (3) Non-linear interaction relationship. Uncertainty is applied to this study for the dimensions and criteria of complexity research so as to further discuss the interaction relationship and calculate the complexity extent of new products development. Uncertainty dimensions are defined in this study as Supply Uncertainty, Demsnd Uncertainty, Organizational Uncertainty, Competitive Uncertainty, Distribution Uncertainty, Production Technology Uncertainty, and External Environment Uncertainty, where thirty-five criteria are included. With Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to calculate the weight of dimensions and criteria and the evaluation of products, Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory to determine the interaction relationship between dimensions and criteria, as well as Graph Theory and Matrix Approach to calculate the complexity of new products development, an industrial machinery company is utilized as the research subject. The computed complexity is further sequenced as the suggestions for decision makers. From the result of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, the weights of Supply Uncertainty and Production Technology Uncertainty are higher than it of other dimensions, showing that these two uncertainties are the most important Uncertainty dimensions for industrial machinery. In regard to the results of Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, Production Technology Uncertainty presents the most significant effects; and, in spite that the weight is less than it of Supply Uncertainty, the influence is relatively higher. The results of Graph Theory and Matrix Approach appear CNC Computerized Stamping＞Radial drilling machine＞Forklift. The above outcomes will then be the reference of development for decision-makers.