高速公路系統降低交通事故之模擬研究

Simulation Study of Reducing Traffic Accidents in Highway Systems

賴文清(Wun-Cing Lai)

指導教授 ： 張朝陽

國立虎尾科技大學/電機資訊學院/資訊工程研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

交通事故是降低人類壽命的原因之ㄧ，不適當的駕駛行為往往導致意外事故的發生，為了減少意外事故的發生和延長人類壽命，因此我們必須設計一套較貼近現實交通環境的交通系統模型，用來分析造成交通意外事故的各種因素。
在這篇論文中我們基於高速公路系統提出了三線道交通流量模型，適當的定義車輛前進規則、車輛變換車道規則和交通意外事故模組，交通流量模型用來調查在不同的駕駛策略下對交通意外事故原因的影響，我們提出駕駛策略並且分析在不同的駕駛策略下小客車和卡車對交通流量和意外事故的影響，模擬結果顯示在適當的駕駛策略下能夠有效的降低意外事故率。
我們藉由特定的道路行駛規則，分析駕駛策略與交通事故之間的關係，此外也定義環境變數以滿足實際道路行駛的情況，因為駕駛可能會受到環境因素的影響或者因為駕駛的反應時間因素而容易造成事故發生，我們基於交通系統和電腦科學技術設計了一個合理的三線道交通模型。
透過模擬結果分析，在多線道的公路中適當的駕駛策略規範擬可以減少交通事故的發生，在現實生活中車輛裝備可以設置感應器，並且根據駕駛策略的規範，能夠有效的提醒駕駛，因而更有效地減少交通事故的發生。

關鍵字

駕駛行為 ； 交通事故 ； 三線道交通模型 ； 高速公路

並列摘要

Traffic accident is one of the reasons for reducing human life. Unsuitable driving behavior often leads to the occurrence of accidents. In order to reduce accidents and to prolong human life, a more realistic traffic model must be designed and developed to analyze the various factors in the traffic accidents. In high-speed vehicle systems, a three-lane traffic flow model based on the highway system is proposed in this thesis. We define an appropriate vehicle forward and changing lane driving rules, and accident modules to investigate the impact of different driving strategies and the reasons of traffic accidents. We also analyze impact on the traffic flow and accidents for the driving strategies in the cars and trucks. By using the specified road driving rules, the relationships between the thesis driving strategies and the traffic accidents are analyzed. Additionally, in this thesis, several environment variables for analysis and discussion are accounting for in order to meet the real road driving situations. Because the driver may be affected by the environmental factors, this situation results in that the driving behavior is different from normal and the driver's reaction is not fast enough thus causing accidents. We consider the actual situation for the transport system and a reasonable three-lane traffic flow model is designed on the basis of the computer science technology. We prospered the driving strategies, according to the simulation and analysis, an appropriate multi-lane road highway driving strategies norms is proposed to reduce the traffic accidents. Additionally, this system can provide a road driving simulation in high-speed vehicle systems. According to the driving strategies norms, some vehicle sensing devices can be equipped in the vehicle driving assistance systems to make the necessary driving control. The occurrence of traffic accidents is more effectively reduced.

並列關鍵字

driving behaviors ； traffic accidents ； three-lane traffic flow model ； highway

參考文獻

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