中央空調監控系統設計與分析

目前中央監控系統，大都指利用可程式數位控制器(PLC)控制各項機電設備，其控制架構主要隨著不同的應用，分為直接式與分散式控制架構，本文因受現場環境施工影響，可程式數位控制器(PLC)採用分散式架構，並針對DCON系統模組(I-8000、I-7000及I-87K)的Modbus通訊公用程式透過 RS-485網路連接各可程式數位控制器(PLC)系統，可程式數位控制器(PLC)軟體規劃採用Quick LD階梯圖式撰寫程式，包括控制流程圖、系統架構圖、接線圖、時序控制圖、人機界面、通訊連結、類比數位轉換等，並搭配InduSoft Web Studio圖形監控軟體，讓使用者能藉由圖控系統方便監視現場設備狀態。本文將空調系統、排水系統、熱泵系統統一拉回至中控室由中央監控系統集中管理，若設備發生異常能第一時間由中控系統得知故障設備位置加快維修時間及減少人員維護成本，以軟體規劃利用差壓計與變頻器之流量關系應用於冰水系統上，以有效降低冰水泵電力負載，於冰水主機群系統以軟體規劃搭配水溫傳訊器來決定冰水主機啟動數量，能有效將冰水主機出水溫度維持在7度至12度之間，不因季節變化導致室內溫度過高並提高冰水主機使用效率，並探討差壓計、水流量計、感溫計等感測器所安裝之位置若不正確可能造成設備之影響。

關鍵字

中央監控；分散式控制； PLC ；圖形監控

並列摘要

The building management control system mostly uses PLC to control electro-mechanical equipments. The control structure is divided into two parts with different application. There are direct-like frame and distributed frame. PLC adopts the distributed frame in this research and the Modbus communication utility program of DCON system module (I-8000、I-7000及I-87K) connects PLC system by RS-485 network. PLC software plan adopts Quick LD to write programs, including control flow diagram, system architecture diagram, connection diagram, time sequence control diagram, man-machine interface, communication links, and A/D conversion, etc. It also collocate InduSoft Web Studio SCADA Software to let conveniently monitor the situation of the site equipments by SCADA System. The research collects air conditioner system, drainage system and heat pump system to central control room. They are centralized to manage by building management control system. If the equipments occur extraordinary situations, the broken equipment position will be detected by building management control system immediately. It will speed up the maintaining time and reduce the cost of maintaining. The software uses the flow relationship between pressure meter and inverter to apply to chilled-water system. It can lower the electrical load of chilled-water pump efficiently. As for liquid chiller system, it uses the software with temperature meter to decide the start frequency of liquid chiller. It can maintain the water from liquid chiller between 7~12 degree centigrade efficiently. Besides, the research probes that it will cause the possible effects of equipments if installing positions of the sensors, such as pressure meter, water flow meter and temperature meter, are improper.