- 學位論文
注意力和情緒的交互作用： 負向意涵中文字的視覺注意力優先權
Interactions between attention and emotion: Visual attention prioritizes Chinese characters with negative connotations
摘要
本文探討視覺刺激的情緒意涵(負向和中性)如何影響注意力的作用。從統整歷史文獻可知，情緒對注意力有兩種效果，一是正向且視野位置廣泛；二是負向且視野位置專一或侷限。本文採用Goodbourn and Holcombe (2015)的「並行激發和序列標記化」模型，將注意力分成選擇以及穩固兩個階段，來探討與推測過去研究中，情緒效果不一致的原因。本研究包含三個實驗，皆在電腦螢幕上同時呈現顯示一連串快速閃現 (Rapid serial visual perception, RSVP) 的英文字母（實驗一，此為重複驗證實驗）與帶有情緒意涵的中文字(實驗二與三，此為本研究的關鍵實驗)。採用Goodbourn and Holcombe(2015)所使用的三個應變項，選擇功效(efficacy)、延宕期(latency)與不精確性(imprecision)，去剖析受測者的注意力與情緒交互作用的關係。中文字實驗的分析結果顯示，情緒的功能有兩面。第一，只要目標刺激中有負面文字存在，選擇延宕會減低，表示負向文字可以加速注意力的選擇。第二，負向的文字會造成選擇功效的增加，也會造成鄰近刺激選擇功效的減低，顯示負向刺激的穩固歷程(consolidation)會佔據有限的注意力資源。
並列摘要
Previous research has shown inconsistent emotional effects on perception. One line of research demonstrates facilitative and global effects, and the other line demonstrates inhibitive and location-specific effects of emotion on perception. To disentangle this controversy, the dual-stream rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm, based on the theoretical framework of parallel activation and sequential tokenization model (Goodbourn and Holcombe, 2015), was used in this thesis. Participants were presented with two streams of RSVP composed of Chinese characters with neutral or negative connotations. For each stream, a ring surrounding the character steam was briefly presented. The task was to identify the target that was presented with the ring cue. The participants had a tendency to report an item slightly later than the ring, which was termed as “selection latency”. In addition, the participants made random guessing responses in some trials, and “selection efficacy” was defined by the proportion of trials where the participant did not guess. A mixture model, which could separately estimate selection latency and efficacy, was used to fit the data. The fitting results suggest that the role of emotion were two-fold: Firstly, the presence of negatively charged targets accelerates attention selection, evidenced by a reduction of selection latency as long as the targets contained at least one negative stream. Secondly, negatively charged characters preoccupied attentional resources for consolidation, evidenced by higher efficacy for negatively charged characters, and lower efficacy for characters that were presented with negatively charged neighbors.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
- 施雅羚（2015）。注意力訓練對憂鬱者的療效機制：探討一般的和情緒特定的抑制和轉移功能〔碩士論文，中山醫學大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2015.00061
- Li, K. A. (2016). 平均大小知覺的左側偏誤：注意力在知覺平均中的角色 [master's thesis, National Taiwan University]. Airiti Library. https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201610339
- 郭怡君（2022）。情緒影片與字幕對於外顯注意力的影響：眼動研究〔碩士論文，中山醫學大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6834/csmu202200280
- Tsai, Y. W. (2009). Recognition and Analysis of Emotion Transition in Mandarin Speech Signal [master's thesis, Tatung University]. Airiti Library. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0081-3001201315104224
- Lai, C. Y. (2008). Phonological and orthographic similarity affects verbal short-term memory for Chinese characters [master's thesis, National Central University]. Airiti Library. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0031-0207200917355520