聚丙烯不織布空氣濾材的微觀性質與捕捉機制研究

本研究以透過實驗分析不同應用之空氣過濾濾材為目標，測試具有靜電過濾能力之三種靜電濾材，分別為N95防塵口罩濾材、紡研所自製聚丙烯濾材以及3M靜電空氣濾材，針對濾材最易穿透微粒粒徑 ( Most penetrating particle size, MPPS ) 其過濾所主導的攔截作用、擴散以及靜電吸附作用等三種過濾機制，探討濾材的設計對於過濾效率的關係。針對不同功用的靜電濾材，結果發現，在相同的表面風速下，市售的N95防塵口罩有最高的過濾效率，對奈米微粒的去除效果最好，3M空氣濾材雖然過濾最低，由於平均壓損低，整體過濾膜品質最佳。另一方面，為了解靜電過濾濾材的作用機制，本研究進行一系列的材料特性測試、包含孔隙率分析、高解析電子顯微鏡分析、過濾效果、同步輻射X光顯微鏡分析和濾材表面靜電量分析。同時將所分析出的結果和過濾理論機制做整合，提供PM2.5空汙過濾材料製程參數以及產品研發。

關鍵字

空氣濾材應用；聚丙烯；不織布；過濾機制；孔隙率

並列摘要

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of microstructure characterization on different air filtration applications. Three kinds of PM2.5 filter specimens with electrostatic attraction, namely, N95 dust mask filter, melt-blown polypropylene (PP) filter, and 3M air filter were investigated with respect to their filtration performance, filter material characterization, and their filtration mechanism. The N95 dust mask has the highest filtration efficiency and the best removal performance on the nano-particles at the same air flow rate. The 3M air filter has the lowest filtration but the larger average fiber, the diameter and the porosity makes the lower average pressure loss and the overall filter membrane quality is optimal. To understand the mechanism of action of the electrostatic filter media, this study conducted a series of material property tests, including porosity analysis, high-resolution electron microscopy analysis, filtration efficiency, synchrotron X-ray microscopy analysis, filter surface electrostatic and contact angle analysis. At the same time, the analyzed results are integrated with the filtering theory mechanism to provide PM2.5 air pollution filter material process parameters and product development.