注意力的目標設置數目與非預期物件重複次數對不注意視盲的影響

The Effects of Goal Setting Number and Reoccurrence of Unexpected Object on Inattentional Blindness

李宏浩(Hong-Hao Lee)

指導教授 ： 洪瑞雲 ； 王志軒

國立交通大學/管理學院/工業工程與管理系所/碩士(2018年)

摘要

不注意視盲是指當進行主要作業時，人因注意力集中於目標上，而無法察覺到突然出現的非預期物件的現象。本研究的目的在探討注意力的目標設置數目以及非預期物件的重複次數對不注意視盲的影響。本研究假設，在實驗前利用指導語提示受試者要兼顧作業環境中可能出現的非預期物件將可以放寬受試者的目標設置，增加非預期物件的覺察。此外，若實驗中重複出現非預期物件時，受試者也有可能會無意識的放寬注意力的目標設置，降低不注意視盲的現象。本研究中202位受試者被隨機分派至目標設置數(2) × 非預期物件出現次數(3)六種情境，受試者的作業是計算電腦螢幕中的目標物件碰到邊框的彈回次數。目標設置的數目是以指導語的方式操弄，非預期物件重複出現的次數分為一、三、五次。應變項為計算目標物件彈回次數的正確率與反應時間，以及非預期物件的偵測率與偵測正確分數。結果發現，整體而言，雙重目標的主效果顯著，受試者有雙重目標的提示時，能有意識的放寬注意力的目標設置，增加非預期物件的偵測率，降低不注意視盲，且可提升主要作業的表現。此外，當受試者在被詢問非預期物件的相關問題之後再次經驗非預期物件時，或是在雙重目標下重複經驗非預期物件至五次時，皆能無意識的調整注意力目標，提高非預期物件的偵測率及正確分數，但缺點是會降低主要作業的表現。

關鍵字

不注意視盲 ； 目標設置 ； 非預期物件

並列摘要

Inattentional blindness refers to the phenomena that attention is too focused on the target to detect the unexpected object in the environment. The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of the number of goal setting and the number of reoccurrence of the unexpected object on inattentional blindness. Two hundred and two participants were randomly assigned to the number of goal (2) × the number of reoccurrence of the unexpected object (3) conditions. Their primary task was to calculate the number of rebounds of the target object in the computer screen. Unexpected objects appeared in a particular critical trial three or five times. Some participant's detection of the unexpected object were probed by questions after the 11th trial or 18th trial. The number of goal setting was manipulated by the instruction before the experiment. Data showed that the instruction to keep alert to the unexpected items in the environment could reduce the limiting effect of goal setting and enhance the detect in rate of the unexpected objects. Dual goal setting could alert to promote the accuracy of the counting performance. When participants were probed about the unexpected object of trial 11, or having experienced the unexpected object five times with dual goal settings, their detection rate and accuracy score on unexpected object detection were both enhanced, but their counting performance was hampered.

並列關鍵字

inattentional blindness ； goal setting ； unexpected object

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