斡旋於風險及不確定性：逃跑印尼移工在台灣

本論文關注印尼籍逃跑移工在台灣的現況。僅管有關虐待、剝削、強姦、強行監禁及未審先判等駭人案例被廣泛披露，印尼籍移工仍然對遷移懷抱希望。對大多數年輕人來說，失敗的遷移經驗意味著厄運，而成功的遷移案例則證明著好運，他們相信這是Kodrat（天命/天性）。印尼籍移工將他們這段外出打工的經驗描述為上蒼的旨意，以此解釋他們未能履行原有聘雇合約的原因。本研究依據本人於2016年在台北車站兼職打工的經驗，以及2017年至2018年期間在台灣及印尼爪哇島上一年半的民族誌田野考察而成。我在本論文中的核心問題為（1）移工在逃跑前經歷了什麼？（2）逃跑移工如何生存及賺取薪資？（3）為何他們不反抗不公正的刑事定罪及驅逐令？透過分析移工的自我敘述及“間接治理”（governance at a distance）的政府管制方法帶來的社會-政治效應，本研究探討：在移工的理解裡，成為一名逃跑移工（be a runaway）意味著什麼。    藍領移工經受的風險及不確定性明顯高於其他移工，這是因為目的地國家實施的政策讓移工陷入一種臨時性的處境，造成他們對雇主、人力仲介及政府機關的結構性依賴。本論文認為，移工的逃跑行為可被理解為對僵化的國際勞務分工的主體性表達，及對目的地國家不公正的體系、法律、管理及雇主的反抗。此外，組織化的政治社群的缺席導致他們喪失 “擁有權利的權利”（the right to have rights），這個最基礎的權利是一個組織化的政治社群確保其成員免於不公正的刑事定罪、違法及驅逐令的根基。

關鍵字

逃跑；印度尼西亞；移工；外籍移工政策；違法；刑事定罪

並列摘要

This thesis concerns the existence of runaway migrant workers in Taiwan, mainly Indonesian. Despite well-publicized horrifying accounts of abuse, exploitation, rape, forced confinements, and executions without trial, Indonesia migrant workers appear to remain hopeful in their decision to migrate. To most young people, the accounts of migration often understood solely as bad fate and good fate for failing or succeeding and perceived as kodrat (natural destiny/character). Indonesian migrant workers also represent their sojourns as God’s plan as a way of accepting their failure to complete the employment contracts. This research draws upon my experiences as a part-time worker in Taipei Main Station in 2016 and one and a half years (2017-2018) of ethnographic fieldwork in Taiwan and Java Island, Indonesia. The central research questions I ask in this thesis are: 1) What do migrant workers go through before running away? 2) How runaway migrant workers survive and earn money? And 3) Why are there no resistance against unjust criminalization and deportation? In particular, I explore how migrant workers understand what it means to be a runaway through their narratives and socio-political effects of government’s control on “governance at a distance.” The degree of risks and uncertainties for blue-collar migrant workers is significantly higher than the other groups of migrants solely because policies enforced by host governments to keep guest workers in temporary status, that is a structural dependency to their employers, recruiter agencies and government apparatus. Thus, this thesis suggests that the act of running away can be understood as a subjective expression towards the rigidities of the international division of labor and resistance to unjust systems, laws, regulations, and employers in destinations countries. Besides, the absence of organized political community caused the loss of the fundamental foundation of the right to have rights, that is membership and belonging to an organized political community to contest criminality, illegality, and deportation.

並列關鍵字

runaway ； Indonesian ； migrant workers ； foreign labor policy ； illegality ； criminalization

參考文獻

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斡旋於風險及不確定性：逃跑印尼移工在台灣

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