靈氣介入對助人工作者負向情緒調節與專業枯竭之成效

專業枯竭是普遍存在的社會現象，其影響深遠和廣泛，也是助人工作者的最大挑戰之一，當個體能主動採取因應策略降低壓力時，也會改善專業枯竭情形。雖然國外已普遍探討靈氣的功效，但國內卻寥寥無幾，甚至缺乏遠距離靈氣主題。另一方面，負向情緒調節預期是預測專業枯竭發生機率的因素之一，有鑒於預防專業枯竭的重要與國內研究靈氣文獻偏少的現況，本研究旨在探討遠距離靈氣介入對助人工作者的負向情緒調節預期與專業枯竭的影響成效。本研究於2018-2019年間在北部某縣市大專校院招募助人工作者參與，以單盲、隨機分組方式進行，分別執行靈氣介入和音樂介入，每次30分鐘，每週一次，共計八週，介入前後需填寫負向情緒調節預期量表與專業枯竭量表。主要研究結果如下：（一）本研究共招募30位參與者，因參與者個人與其他因素，最終採用24位受試者資料進行資料分析，靈氣組與音樂組各12位；（二）在接受靈氣介入後，助人工作者的「專業枯竭」與三個分向度「情緒耗竭」、「去人性化」與「個人成就感降低」的前後測分數均達到顯著差異，音樂介入則未達到顯著差異；（三）在接受靈氣介入後，助人工作者的「負向情緒調節預期」與兩個分向度「情緒反應調適取向」與「認知行為調適取向」的前後測分數均達到顯著差異，音樂介入則未達到顯著差異；（四）靈氣介入相較音樂介入在改善「專業枯竭」成效較佳，且達到顯著差異，但在分向度「情緒耗竭」、「去人性化」、「個人成就感降低」的改善成效則無顯著差異；而靈氣介入在專業枯竭與三個分向度的每一週次改善幅度均比音樂介入佳；（五）靈氣介入相較音樂介入在提昇「負向情緒調節預期」並無顯著差異，但在分向度「情緒反應調適取向」、「認知行為調適取向」上的成效較音樂介入佳且有顯著差異，而靈氣介入在負向情緒調節預期與兩個分向度的每一週次改善幅度均比音樂介入佳；（六）介入策略與「負向情緒調節預期」的交互作用對「專業枯竭」沒有產生顯著影響，不具調節作用。本研究結論如下：遠距離靈氣介入可顯著改善助人工作者的專業枯竭與負向情緒調節預期，而音樂介入則無。雖然靈氣相較音樂介入僅在部份週次達到顯著差異，但每一次的改善幅度均較音樂佳。綜上所述，靈氣可提升個體調適負向情緒的自信程度之外，也是預防與降低專業枯竭風險的有效策略之一。

關鍵字

遠距離靈氣；助人工作者；專業枯竭；負向情緒調節預期

並列摘要

KBurnout is a universal social phenomenon. Its influence is far-reaching and extensive. It is also one of the biggest challenges for the helpers. When individuals can cope with stress, burnout will be reduced. Although the efficacy of Reiki has been widely discussed abroad, there are only few studies in Taiwan, not even mentioning distance reiki. On the other hand, negative mood regulation expectancies is one of the factors predicting the incidence of burnout. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of distance Reiki on the negative mood regulation expectancies and burnout of the helpers. This study recruited help workers at universities in the northern cities between 2018 and 2019. The study was conducted in a single-blind, randomized and performed Reiki and musical intervention. Participants accepted thirty minutes intervention each time, once a week, over a period of eight weeks. Before and after the intervention, they filled in the NMRS（Negative Mood Regulation Scale）and MBI scale（ Maslach Burnout Inventory ）. The main findings of the study were as follows: 1) thirty helpers had participated in the study, and only twenty-four of them (12 in each intervention group) were included in the analysis; 2) after receiving Reiki, there were significantly differences between pre-test and post-test in helpers’ burnout and its sub- dimensions, but the music group did not ; 3) after receiving Reiki, there were significantly differences between pre-test and post-test in helpers’ negative mood regulation expectations and its sub-dimensions, but the music group did not; 4) Reiki was better than music in reducing burnout and achieves significant differences between pre- and post-tests, but its’ sub-dimensions did not. Reiki’s effect was better than music group in reducing burnout and its sub-dimension scores weekly; 5) Reiki was better than music group in improving negative mood regulation expectancies’ sub-dimensions scores and achieves significant differences between pre-and post-tests, but the improving effect did not appear in overall negative mood regulation expectancies. Reiki’s effect was better than music group in improving negative mood regulation expectancies and its sub dimension scores weekly; 6) there was no moderating effect of intervention on the relationship between negative mood regulation expectancies and burnout. The conclusions of this study were as follows: distance Reiki has a significant effect on reducing burnout and enhancing negative emotion regulation expectations of the helpers, but music intervention did not demonstrate such an effect. Distance Reiki was significantly better than music in reducing burnout and improving negative mood regulation expectancies in some weeks, and Reiki’s effect was better than music in reducing burnout and imporving negative mood regulation expectancies weekly. Reiki can improve the confidence level of individuals to adjust negative emotions, and is also one of the effective strategies to reduce burnout risk.