法意識對高齡者用路偏差行為之影響分析

The Effects of Legal Consciousness on Aberrant Road Using Behavior for the Elderly

王致翔(Jhih-Siang Wang)

指導教授 ： 張新立

國立交通大學/管理學院/運輸與物流管理學系/碩士(2019年)

摘要

本研究之主要目的在探討交通法律意識對高齡者偏差用路行為的影響。透過相關研究文獻之回顧與整理，本研究嘗試開發量測高齡者偏差用路行為與交通法律意識之量表，藉以探討高齡者是否具備安全用路所需要之交通法律常識與意識，驗證交通法律意識與高齡者偏差用路行為之關係並，找出高齡者偏差用路行為與交通法律意識中較薄弱的部分並提出改善之建議。
本研究以新竹縣市使用機車之65歲以上高齡者為調查對象，並以計畫行為理論作為研究之基礎架構。本研究透過面對面訪問調查，總共收到245份有效樣本，其中男性127位及女性118位。研究方法採用Rasch模型之部分得分模式 (Partial Credit Model)對高齡者的偏差用路行為、交通法律意識及對偏差用路行為之風險感認、態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制等構面進行分析，並藉由變異數分析找出不同群體在各構面的差異。研究結果顯示，高齡者在行人類別的偏差用路行為頻率偏高，偏差用路行為頻率與交通法律意識具顯著之負相關。而進一步之變異數分析結果更發現，高齡者之偏差用路行為在性別、年齡與可支配所得上有顯著差異；高齡者之交通法律意識在性別、年齡、可支配所得與運具使用頻率亦有顯著差異。本研究透過所設計之量表對高齡者的偏差用路行為及交通法律意識進行量測，實證研究結果除找出高齡者交通安全之缺口並提出改善建議外，更可作為未來對高齡者進行交通法規宣導的參考依據，藉以提升高齡者對交通法律的了解與認識並提升其交通之安全。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 法律意識 ； 偏差用路行為 ； Rasch部分給分模式

並列摘要

This study was conducted to explore the effects of traffic legal consciousness on the aberrant road using behaviors of elderly people. Through literature review and conceptual framework design, this study tries to develop a set of scales to measure the aberrant road using behaviors and traffic legal consciousness of the elderly and determine how the traffic legal consciousness affects the abberant road using behaviors of elderly people. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), a designed questionnaire was developed and applied to investigate the abberant road using behaviors and traffic legal consciousness of the lderly drivers who are over 65 years old in Hsinchu City. Through a face-to-face survey, 245 effective samples were finally collected, including 127 males and 118 females.
The Partial Credit Rasch Model was used to analyze the aberrant road using behavior, traffic legal consciousness as well as the risk perception, attitude, subjective norm and perceptual behavior control on the abberant road using behaviors of the elderly. The study results show that the elderly commit abberant road using behaviors frequently when they walk on the streets as a pedestrian. Besides, the frequency of abberant road using behaviors for the elderly is found to be significantly negatively affected by their traffic legal consciousness. The analyses of variance (ANOVA) further indicate that different gender, age and disposable groups of the elderly have significant differences on their traffic legal consciousness and abberant road using behaviors as well. The study results are valuable reference for improving the traffic safety projects to make the elderly safer on the road.

並列關鍵字

Elder ； Legal Consciousness ； Aberrant Road Using Behavior ； Partial Credit Model

參考文獻

Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control (pp. 11-39). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

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