- 學位論文
液化石油氣零售業汽油及電動機車車隊組成最佳化評估模式
Optimal Fleet Mix of Fuel-powered and Electric Motorcycles for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Retailers
摘要
電動機車具有零排放、低能耗、低噪音優勢，逐漸受到物流業青睞。但由於儲運空間有限，電池功率密度不足等，致在商業物流應用上仍未能全面普及。尤其，液化石油氣零售業（即桶裝瓦斯業者）大多均以機車為配送工具，但由於液化石油氣瓶重量及偏遠用戶山區坡道之因素，導致業者普遍對電動機車之採用不具信心。基此，本研究以液化石油氣零售業為對象，評估導入電動機車之車隊組合最佳化。 本研究首先提供二輛配置電池管理系統，以適用配送瓦斯桶且之電動機車於國內某家桶裝瓦斯業者，以進行營運實測，並蒐集電動機車與汽油機車之購置成本、維運成本、燃料成本等資料，以進行總成本比較。最後，透過7天的實測資料，利用迴歸分析建構電動機車能耗推估模式，俾了解平面距離、載重與陡坡對電動機車能耗之影響。
並列摘要
Electric motorcycles have the advantages of zero emission, low energy consumption and low noise, which are gradually adopted by the logistics industry. However, due to limited storage capacity and insufficient battery power, electric motorcycles have not yet been widely popularized in commercial logistics applications. How to meet the operational needs of logistics operators and to propose an optimal combination of electric and fuel-powered motorcycles is a challenging issue deserving further analysis. Especially, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) retailers usually use scooters to pick and delivery LPG tanks, but due to the heavy load of LPG tanks and the steep slope roads to remote customers, making the adoption rate of electric motorcycles pretty low. Based on this, this study aims to examine the operating performance of electric motorcycles in comparing to fuel-powered ones and develop an optimal fleet mix of fuel-powered and electric motorcycles for the study LPG retailer. To do so, firstly, this study provides two electric motorcycles equipped with battery management system to a domestic LPG retailer for commercial operations. The data of purchase cost, maintenance cost and fuel cost of both fuel-powered and electric motorcycles are collected to compare their total costs. To evaluate the impact of distance, loading weight and steep slope on the energy consumption of electric motorcycles, an energy consumption regression model is then estimated based on seven-day field operations to investigate the effects of these operational factors.