In this thesis, we investigate the influence of optical aberrations on holographic data storage. By using aberration theory, we derive output images of the holographic storage system when coherent or incoherent light source be applied. Then, the corresponding probability density function (PDF) of output data could be found. Then, by use of PDF we apply the channel model of communication theory to find the bit error rate and storage capacity of data storage system, and thus to evaluate the quality of the system. In our simulation, the influence of each individual aberration was evaluated separately, and the tolerance of the aberrations in storage system was found.